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了解激素:预防和治疗多种疾病的关键

1、什么是激素

激素是由内分泌腺或其他细胞分泌的一类生物活性分子,它们能够通过血液或淋巴液循环到达身体的各个部位,从而调节生理过程。激素的种类非常多,包括甲状腺激素、胰岛素、雌激素和孕激素、睾酮、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素、生长激素等等,它们在人体内起到不同的作用,如调节代谢、生长发育、生殖、免疫和应激等 [1]


2、人体内常见激素

人体内常见的激素包括甲状腺激素、胰岛素、雌激素和孕激素、睾酮、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素、生长激素等。

下丘脑(Hypothalamus)
脑垂体(Pituitary gland)
胸腺(Thymus)
肝脏(Liver)
肾上腺(Adrenal gland)
卵巢(Ovary)
子宫(Uterus)
松果体(Pineal gland)
甲状腺(Thyroid gland)
胃(Stomach)
胰岛(Pancreas)
肾脏(Kidney)
睾丸(Testes)

图:人体各器官分泌激素一览表

甲状腺激素是由甲状腺分泌的激素,包括甲状腺素(T4)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3),它们在体内的作用类似于加速器,可以调节身体的基础代谢率,影响心率、体温、消化、呼吸等多个生理过程,同时也对大脑、骨骼、肌肉等组织的发育和功能有重要的影响。甲状腺激素水平的异常,无论是过高还是过低,都可能导致各种疾病和不适 [2]

j9九游会登录入口首页生物可提供小鼠、牛、鸡、鱼等各种属的甲状腺素(T4)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)的ELISA检测试剂盒,产品列表如下:

Target Product Name Code
T3 Bovine Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E13049B
Chicken Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E13270C
Fish Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E08488f
Mouse Tri-iodothyronine,T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E05086m
Mouse Free Tri-iodothyronine,Free-T3 ELISA Kit CSB-E05077m
T4 Bovine thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E13050B
Canine thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E07288c
Chicken thyroxine (T4) ELISA Kit CSB-E15787C
Fish Thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E08489f
Horse thyroxine (T4) ELISA kit CSB-EQ027512HO
Monkey thyroxine (T4) ELISA kit CSB-EQ027512MK
Mouse thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05083m
Rat thyroxine,T4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05082r
Fish free thyroxine (FT4) ELISA kit CSB-EQF027512FI
Mouse Free Thyroxine,FT4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05080m
Rat Free Thyroxine,FT4 ELISA Kit CSB-E05079r

胰岛素是由胰腺β细胞分泌的激素,它能够促进葡萄糖的吸收和利用,维持血糖平衡 [3]。当我们吃东西后,食物中的碳水化合物被消化并转化为葡萄糖进入血液循环。血液中的葡萄糖水平升高会刺激胰腺分泌胰岛素,胰岛素会促进体内细胞对葡萄糖的摄取和利用,并促进肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织合成和储存糖原。通过这些机制,胰岛素可以降低血糖水平,保持血糖在正常范围内。胰岛素在糖代谢和能量代谢中起着重要的作用,同时也与脂肪代谢、蛋白质代谢和生长发育等方面密切相关。

j9九游会登录入口首页生物所提供的各种属胰岛素ELISA检测试剂盒如下表:

Target Product Name Code
INS Fish Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E12123Fh
Guinea pig insulin (INS) ELISA kit CSB-EL011742GU
Human Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E05069h
Human Proinsulin,PI ELISA Kit CSB-E08345h
Monkey Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E10047Mo
Mouse Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E05071m
Rat Insulin,INS ELISA Kit CSB-E05070r
Sheep Insulin(INS) ELISA Kit CSB-E17044Sh

雌激素(Estrogen)孕激素(Progesterone)是由卵巢分泌的激素,在女性的生殖和生理周期中起着重要的作用 [4]

● 雌激素在女性生殖系统和全身范围内都扮演着重要的角色。在女性生殖系统中,雌激素促进了卵子的发育和成熟,并且调节了子宫内膜的生长和分化,同时还影响了阴道的生理状态。在全身范围内,雌激素参与了骨骼代谢、脂肪代谢、心血管系统、神经系统等多个方面的生理过程。

● 孕激素是卵巢在月经周期后期分泌的激素,它的主要作用是为着床的受精卵提供适宜的生长环境。孕激素可以促进子宫内膜的分化和增厚,并且阻止了子宫收缩,从而维持了妊娠的稳定。此外,孕激素还参与了女性生殖系统、免疫系统等多个生理过程。

j9九游会登录入口首页生物提供人雌激素ELISA试剂盒及牛、猫、鸡、人、猴等多个种属的孕激素ELISA检测试剂盒,列举如下表:

Target Product Name Code
E Human estrogen,E ELISA Kit CSB-E07286h
PROG Bovine progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E08172b
Canine Progesterone,PROG ELISA kit CSB-E07285c
Chicken progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E12012C
Horse Progesterone(PROG) ELISA kit CSB-E13183Hs
Human Progesterone,PROG ELISA kit CSB-E07283h
Monkey Progesterone(PROG) ELISA Kit CSB-E13352Mk
Mouse Progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E05104m
Pig progesterone,PROG ELISA Kit CSB-E12869p
Rat Progesterone,PROG ELISA kit CSB-E07282r
Sheep Progesterone(PROG) ELISA Kit CSB-E13176Sh

睾酮(Testosterone)是一种男性激素,属于雄激素类激素,是睾丸分泌的主要激素之一 [5]。它对男性的性发育、生殖功能、性欲、肌肉质量、骨密度等方面具有重要作用。女性体内也会分泌少量的睾酮,对于维持其生殖系统健康、性欲等方面也有一定的作用。

j9九游会登录入口首页生物提供多种种属(包括人、鼠、猪、狗、牛等)的睾酮ELISA检测试剂盒,用于检测血清、血浆、尿液等样品中的睾酮水平。

Target Product Name Code
T Rat Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E05100r
Mouse Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E05101m
Fish Testosterone(T) ELISA Kit CSB-E17554Fh
Chicken Testosterone (T) ELISA Kit CSB-E12797C
Bovine Testosterone(T) ELISA Kit CSB-E13194B
Canine Testosterone (T) ELISA Kit CSB-E06893c
Pig Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E06796p
Rabbit Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E06927Rb
Human Testosterone,T ELISA Kit CSB-E05099h
Monkey Testosterone(T)ELISA Kit CSB-E16337Mk

肾上腺素(Adrenaline)去甲肾上腺素(Noradrenaline)是由肾上腺髓质分泌的两种激素。它们都是儿茶酚胺类激素,起到调节机体应激反应和维持机体内环境稳定等重要作用 [6]。肾上腺素促进心率、呼吸、血糖升高等应激反应;而去甲肾上腺素则在调节血压、血糖、血脂等方面发挥作用,同时也具有一定的镇静作用。j9九游会登录入口首页生物相关ELISA检测试剂盒如下表:

Target Product Name Code
T Human Noradrenaline,NA ELISA Kit CSB-E07021h
Mouse Noradrenaline,NA ELISA Kit CSB-E07870m
Rat Noradrenaline,NA ELISA Kit CSB-E07022r
EPI Human Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit CSB-E08677h
Mouse Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit CSB-E08679m
Rat Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit CSB-E08678r

生长激素(human growth hormone,简称HGH),是一种由垂体腺分泌的蛋白质激素,主要作用是促进生长和维持机体正常代谢 [7]。它能刺激肝脏产生一种生长因子,即胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1),从而促进骨骼和肌肉生长、增加蛋白质合成、减少脂肪存储等作用。此外,生长激素还具有增强免疫力、改善睡眠、增加心肺功能等作用。生长激素的分泌主要受到神经、代谢、营养等多种因素的影响。j9九游会登录入口首页生物生长激素ELISA检测试剂盒如下表:

Target Product Name Code
GH Bovine growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E13443B
Chicken growth hormone,GH ELISA KIT CSB-E09866Ch
Dog growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E14962c
Fish growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E12121Fh
Horse growth hormone,GH ELISA Kit CSB-E11242Eq
Rat growth hormone,GH ELISA KIT CSB-E07342r

3、激素的分泌与调节

激素分泌的机制主要是通过负反馈机制来实现。负反馈机制是指当激素浓度升高时,会抑制相应激素的分泌,从而使激素浓度维持在一定范围内。例如,甲状腺激素的分泌受到下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的调节,当血液中的甲状腺激素水平升高时,会抑制下丘脑和垂体的分泌,从而降低甲状腺激素的合成和分泌 [8]

激素分泌的调节受到多种因素的影响,包括神经系统、环境因素、生理状态和其他激素等。例如,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴受到压力和应激的调节,当人体处于应激状态时,下丘脑会释放促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素,从而刺激垂体前叶分泌促肾上腺皮质激素,促使肾上腺皮质分泌肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素 [9]


4、激素检测技术

激素的检测技术主要包括ELISA检测法、放射免疫分析法、质谱分析法和生物传感器技术等。其中,ELISA检测法是一种快速、准确、灵敏度高的检测技术,广泛应用于临床医学和生物科学领域,包括激素、蛋白质、抗体等生物大分子的检测 [10]。j9九游会登录入口首页生物开发了一系列的激素相关ELISA试剂盒,如甲状腺激素ELISA试剂盒、胰岛素ELISA试剂盒、雌激素和孕激素ELISA试剂盒等,可广泛应用于科研领域。


5、j9九游会登录入口首页激素检测相关产品

j9九游会登录入口首页生物提供17个种属的192种激素检测试剂盒,协助您进行相关研究。

筛选
Species:
Code Product Name Sensitivity Detection Range Abbreviation Species
CSB-E05087h Human 17-Hydroxyprogesterone,17-OHP ELISA Kit 17-OHP Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E04486h Human Activin A,ACV-A ELISA Kit 3.9 pg/mL 15.6 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL ACV-A Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E12756h Human anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) ELISA kit 15.6 pg/mL 62.5 pg/mL-4000 pg/mL AMH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E09080h Human antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin/arginine vasopressin,ADH/VP/AVP ELISA Kit 0.312 pg/mL 1.25 pg/mL-80 pg/mL AVP Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05111h Human Cortisol ELISA Kit 0.049 ng/mL 0.049 ng/mL-200 ng/mL COR Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E06872h Human corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH ELISA Kit 1 ng/mL 1 ng/mL-40 ng/mL CRH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E07878h Human Dihydrotestosterone,DHT ELISA Kit 5 pg/mL 10 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL DHT Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E07286h Human estrogen,E ELISA Kit 25 pg/mL 25 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL E Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05108h Human Estradiol,E2 ELISA Kit 40 pg/mL 40 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL E2 Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08677h Human Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit 1 pg/mL 2 pg/mL-400 pg/mL EPI Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E06867h Human follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH ELISA Kit FSH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-EL009408HU Human Growth hormone variant(GH2) ELISA kit 33 pg/mL 133 pg/mL-4000 pg/mL GH2 Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E15803h Human Hyperglycosylated Chorionic Gonadotropin(hCG) ELISA Kit 0.167 mIU/mL 0.67 mIU/mL-20 mIU/mL hCG Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05060h Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin,HCG ELISA Kit 2 mIU/mL 8 mIU/mL-240 mIU/mL hCG Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08237h Human Inhibin A,INH-A ELISA Kit 0.2 pg/mL 0.4 pg/mL-80 pg/mL INHA Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08149h Human inhibin B,INH-B ELISA Kit 2 pg/mL 4 pg/mL-800 pg/mL INH-B Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E05069h Human Insulin,INS ELISA Kit INS Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E04649h Human Leptin,LEP ELISA kit 0.060 ng/mL 0.156 ng/mL-10 ng/mL LEP Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E12690h Human luteinizing hormone (LH) ELISA kit LH Homo sapiens (Human)
CSB-E08132h Human Melatonin,MT ELISA Kit 1.56 pg/mL 6.25 pg/mL-400 pg/mL MT Homo sapiens (Human)

参考文献:

[1] Tsigos C, Chrousos GP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(4):865-871.

[2] Maccario M, Grottoli S, Procopio M, et al. The GH/IGF-I axis in the regulation of natural killer cell function and cytokine secretion: effects of aging and exercise. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002;123(8):1089-1101.

[3] Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB, Sklar LA. GPR30: A G protein-coupled receptor for estrogen. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007;265-266:138-142.

[4] Farid M, Farid T. Adrenaline. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021.

[5] Kars M, Yang L, Gregor MF, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid may improve liver and muscle but not adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in obese men and women. Diabetes. 2010;59(8):1899-1905.

[6] De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Paesano L, et al. Traffic pollutants affect fertility in men. Hum Reprod. 2003;18(5):1055-1061.

[7] Onsrud M. Hormones in Milk. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2005;4(3):40-51.

[8] Mullur R, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(2):355-382.

[9] Charmandari E, Tsigos C, Chrousos G. Endocrinology of the stress response. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:259-284.

[10] Raff H. Utility of salivary cortisol measurements in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(10):3647-3655.