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PNPLA2 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

  • 货号：
    CSB-RA111385A0HU
  • 规格：
    ￥1320
  • 图片：
    • Overlay Peak curve showing HepG2 cells stained with CSB-RA111385A0HU (red line) at 1:50. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and permeated by 0.2% TritonX-100. Then 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (1µg/1*106cells) for 45min at 4℃. The secondary antibody used was FITC-conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG(H+L) at 1:200 dilution for 35min at 4℃.Control antibody (green line) was rabbit IgG (1µg/1*106cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >10,000 events was performed.
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • Uniprot No.：
    Q96AD5
  • 基因名：
    PNPLA2
  • 别名：
    Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (EC 3.1.1.3) (Adipose triglyceride lipase) (Calcium-independent phospholipase A2) (Desnutrin) (IPLA2-zeta) (Pigment epithelium-derived factor) (TTS2.2) (Transport-secretion protein 2) (TTS2), PNPLA2, ATGL
  • 反应种属：
    Human
  • 免疫原：
    A synthesized peptide derived from Human PNPLA2
  • 免疫原种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 标记方式：
    Non-conjugated
  • 克隆类型：
    Monoclonal
  • 抗体亚型：
    Rabbit IgG
  • 纯化方式：
    Affinity-chromatography
  • 克隆号：
    1H6
  • 浓度：
    It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
  • 保存缓冲液：
    Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Liquid
  • 应用范围：
    ELISA, FC
  • 推荐稀释比：
    Application Recommended Dilution
    FC 1:50-1:200
  • Protocols：
  • 储存条件：
    Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
  • 货期：
    Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets. Exhibits a strong preference for the hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid esters at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Also has acylglycerol transacylase activity. Acts coordinately with LIPE/HLS and DGAT2 within the lipolytic cascade. Transfers fatty acid from triglyceride to retinol, hydrolyzes retinylesters, and generates 1,3-diacylglycerol from triglycerides. Regulates adiposome size and may be involved in the degradation of adiposomes. May play an important role in energy homeostasis. May play a role in the response of the organism to starvation, enhancing hydrolysis of triglycerides and providing free fatty acids to other tissues to be oxidized in situations of energy depletion.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. No difference in the genotype frequency of rs7925131 or rs7942159 in PNPLA2 between the normal free fatty acids (FFA) group and the high FFA group in a Chinese Han population. PMID: 29072982
    2. Non-cardiac ATGL-mediated modulation of the cardiac lipidome may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. PMID: 29320510
    3. Although we found evidence for moderate association between PNPLA2 tagSNPs and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in our cohort, no evidence for association between polymorphisms in the PNPLA2 gene and the presence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was identified. PMID: 26500201
    4. Study reports the derivation of iPSCs from fibroblasts of two Neutral Lipid Storage Disease with Myopathy (NLSDM)patients carrying different ATGL mutations. These iPSCs exhibited defects in neutral lipid metabolism similar to those of NLSDM fibroblasts. NLSDM-iPSCs were able to undergo directed differentiation into cardiomyocytes. PMID: 28391974
    5. Thus, ATGL in leucocytes may be an important biomarker for the diagnosis of TGCV and our assay may provide insights into pathophysiology and elucidate the underlying mechanism of TGCV and related disorders. PMID: 29146190
    6. The ATGL gene was frequently deleted in various forms of human cancers and was associated with poor prognosis. PMID: 27213586
    7. a Snail1-ATGL axis that regulates adipose lipolysis and fatty acid release, is reported. PMID: 27851965
    8. ABHD5 possesses a PNPLA2-independent function in regulating autophagy and tumorigenesis. PMID: 27559856
    9. Oxidative stress decreased the levels of PNPLA2 transcripts with no effect on ALOX5 expression. Exogenous additions of P1 peptide or overexpression of the PNPLA2 gene decreased both LTB4 levels and death of RPE cells undergoing oxidative stress. PMID: 27635633
    10. Results suggest that increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression is associated with increased adiposity and stromal proliferation in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PMID: 28179319
    11. A missense mutation in PNPLA2 is the rare cause of severe dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to neutral lipid storage disease. PMID: 26922712
    12. A novel deletion was identified in PNPLA2 protein from a patient with complete deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase. PMID: 26803235
    13. Rab32 controls intracellular lipid accumulation through inducing lipolysis via enhancing ATGL expression indirectly. PMID: 26882978
    14. Data indicate that a tumor suppressor mechanism by which G0/G1 switch gene 2 product (G0S2) directly inhibits activity of a key intracellular adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). PMID: 26318046
    15. s show that rat ATGL, coactivated by rat CGI-58, efficiently hydrolyzes triglycerides and retinyl ester. PMID: 26330055
    16. PNPLA2 mutations were associated with an extended phenotype, including brain involvement in cases of neutral lipid-storage disease with myopathy. PMID: 26600210
    17. Distinct cardiac phenotype between two homozygotes born in a village with accumulation of a genetic deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase. PMID: 25985012
    18. Study reports the clinical and genetic findings of a neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy family of Italian origin with 3 affected siblings. to highlight the effect that different gene mutations may have on ATGL lipase activity, s performed a functional characterization of the novel PNPLA2 missense mutations identified in their patients PMID: 25956450
    19. PLIN5 was significantly colocated with ATGL, mitochondria and CGI-58, indicating a close association between the key lipolytic effectors in resting skeletal muscle. PMID: 25054327
    20. PEDF receptor is a transmembrane phospholipase that is required for the survival and antiapoptotic effects of PEDF on retina cells. It has determinants for PEDF binding within its L4 ectodomain that are critical for enzymatic stimulation. PMID: 23818523
    21. Data suggest that PNPLA2 hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from triglycerides in mast cell (MC) lipid droplets; PNPLA2 appears to regulate substrate availability of AA for eicosanoid (PGD2/LTC4) generation/secretion upon MC activation with IgE. PMID: 25114172
    22. Data suggest that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) may serve as therapeutic targets for managing vascular hyperpermeability in sepsis. PMID: 25700221
    23. Results indicate that the serum adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) level may be closely related to obesity. PMID: 25177954
    24. Data indicate that the peptide corresponding to residues Lys-20 to Ala-52 from G0S2 Inhibits ATGL in the nanomolar range. PMID: 25258314
    25. Data indicate that fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27) increases the inhibitory effect of transcription factor Egr1 on the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) promoter. PMID: 24742676
    26. The pathophysiological impact due to defective lipolysis by ATGL deficiency on mitochondrial dysfunction. [Review] PMID: 23827855
    27. our results suggest that inhibition of the major lipolytic enzymes ATGL and HSL by long-chain acyl-CoAs could represent an effective feedback mechanism controlling lipolysis PMID: 24440819
    28. In patients with TGCV, even when hydrolysis of intracellular TG is defective, the marked up-regulation of PPARgamma and related genes may lead to increased uptake of LCFAs, the substrates for TG synthesis. PMID: 24332944
    29. In humans, ATGL has a remarkable effect on cellular lipid droplet handling, and its lack causes both perivisceral, skeletal muscle, and pancreas fat accumulation; in contrast, the impact on whole-body insulin sensitivity and fatty acid metabolism is minor PMID: 23824421
    30. Data indicate that PNPLA2 mutations in neutral lipid storage sisease with myopathy (NLSD with myopathy). PMID: 23232698
    31. Contribution of novel ATGL missense mutations to the clinical phenotype of NLSD-M: a strikingly low amount of lipase activity may preserve cardiac function. PMID: 22990388
    32. PNPLA2 gene mutations are responsible for neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy in Chinese Han patients. PMID: 22832386
    33. UBXD8-mediated recruitment of p97/VCP to LDs increases lipid droplet (LD) size by inhibiting the activity of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol hydrolysis. PMID: 23297223
    34. These data suggest that elevated levels of ATGL are involved in the exercise-induced enhancement of lipolysis in primary adipocytes. PMID: 22815850
    35. The results demonstrated that adipose triglyceride lipase Ser(404) phosphorylation is not increased in mixed skeletal muscle during moderate-intensity exercise and that AMPK does not appear to be an activating kinase for ATGL Ser(404) in skeletal muscle. PMID: 22713505
    36. Reduced mRNA and protein content of Plin and G0S2 and borderline increased ATGL protein in sc adipose tissue from poorly controlled type 2 diabetic subjects. PMID: 22535977
    37. Resveratrol increased adipose triglyceride lipase gene and protein expressions, an effect that was not observed for hormone-sensitive lipase in human SGBS adipocytes. PMID: 21543206
    38. We have mapped the epitope of the antibody that detects PEDF-R to the coding region of exon 4. PMID: 22183409
    39. Four novel and two previously reported mutations were detected, affecting different parts of the PNPLA2 gene in 6 patients with neutral lipid storage disease PMID: 21544567
    40. the C terminus sequesters ABHD5 and thus inhibits basal ATGL activity PMID: 21757733
    41. GBF1 and ATGL interact directly and in cells, through multiple contact sites on each protein. PMID: 21789191
    42. ATGL knockdown increased monocyte adhesion to the endothelium through enhanced TNFalpha-induced ICAM-1 expression via activation of NFkappaB and PKC. PMID: 21828047
    43. findings are compatible with the notion that the ATGL-G0S2 complex is an important long-term regulator of lipolysis under physiological conditions such as fasting in humans PMID: 21613358
    44. The results suggest a molecular pathway by which PEDF ligand/receptor interactions on the cell surface could generate a cellular signal. PMID: 20237999
    45. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) levels were inversely correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index. In muscle, ATGL mRNA had a strong positive relationship with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I mRNA. PMID: 21129760
    46. total lipase, ATGL and HSL activities were higher in visceral white adipose tissue of cancer patients compared with individuals without cancer and higher in cancer patients with cachexia compared with cancer patients without cachexia PMID: 21680814
    47. Data indicate that altered ATGL and HSL expression in skeletal muscle could promote DAG accumulation and disrupt insulin signaling and action. PMID: 21498783
    48. interaction of ATGL with CGI-58 increased lipolysis, whereas interaction of ATGL with perilipin 5 decreased lipolysis. PMID: 21393244
    49. 1 out of 13 healthy individuals carried at least one rare mutation of PNPLA2. PMID: 21170305
    50. variants within PNPLA2 may modulate the TG component of the familial combined hyperlipidemia trait, thus implicating PNPLA2 as modifier gene in this lipid disorder PMID: 20832801

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  • 相关疾病：
    Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Lipid droplet. Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.
  • 组织特异性：
    Highest expression in adipose tissue. Also detected in heart, skeletal muscle, and portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Detected in normal retina and retinoblastoma cells. Detected in retinal pigment epithelium and, at lower intensity, in the inner seg
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 30802

    OMIM: 609059

    KEGG: hsa:57104

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000337701

    UniGene: Hs.654697