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  4. GMNN Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

GMNN Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

  • 货号：
    CSB-RA585624A0HU
  • 规格：
    ￥1320
  • 图片：
    • Immunofluorescence staining of Hela Cells with CSB-RA585624A0HU at 1:50, counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeated by 0.2% TritonX-100, and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4℃. Nuclear DNA was labeled in blue with DAPI. The secondary antibody was FITC-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 产品描述：

    Geminin, encoded by the GMNN gene, is present during the S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle and is degraded during the metaphase-anaphase transition by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which recognizes the destruction box sequence near the 50 ends of the geminin protein. Because reducing Geminin levels reduces Cdt1 accumulation and affects DNA replication, Geminin is implicated in licensing replication by boosting Cdt1 accumulation in mitosis. Geminin is a master regulator of cell-cycle progression that guarantees that DNA replication begins on time and that it does not repeat itself.

    The first step in the preparation of recombinant GMNN antibody is to obtain the GMNN antibody gene. The heavy and light chain genes of the antibody were constructed into a plasma vector and then transfected into suspended mammalian cells transiently. After expression verification, cell supernatant was collected in expanded culture and purified recombinant GMNN antibody was obtained using Affinity-chromatography. This recombinant GMNN antibody has been validated for the detection of GMNN protein from Human in the ELISA, IF.

  • Uniprot No.：
    O75496
  • 基因名：
    GMNN
  • 别名：
    Geminin, GMNN
  • 反应种属：
    Human
  • 免疫原：
    A synthesized peptide derived from human Geminin
  • 免疫原种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 标记方式：
    Non-conjugated
  • 克隆类型：
    Monoclonal
  • 抗体亚型：
    Rabbit IgG
  • 纯化方式：
    Affinity-chromatography
  • 克隆号：
    8H8
  • 浓度：
    It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
  • 保存缓冲液：
    Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Liquid
  • 应用范围：
    ELISA, IF
  • 推荐稀释比：
    Application Recommended Dilution
    IF 1:20-1:200
  • Protocols：
  • 储存条件：
    Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
  • 货期：
    Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of MCM complex into pre-replication complex (pre-RC). It is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Its destruction at the metaphase-anaphase transition permits replication in the succeeding cell cycle. Inhibits histone acetyltransferase activity of KAT7/HBO1 in a CDT1-dependent manner, inhibiting histone H4 acetylation and DNA replication licensing. Inhibits the transcriptional activity of a subset of Hox proteins, enrolling them in cell proliferative control.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. High Geminin expression is associated with triple negative breast cancers. PMID: 26989079
    2. these data identify DUB3 and USP7 as factors that regulate DNA replication by controlling Geminin protein stability, and suggest that USP7 may be involved in Geminin dysregulation during breast cancer progression. PMID: 28288134
    3. geminin selectively couples the transcription factor forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) to HDAC3, thereby specifically facilitating FoxO3 deacetylation. PMID: 28436938
    4. summarize current information on the molecular functions of Geminin and the regulatory system for Geminin protein expression, and argue for the molecular role of Geminin in cell fate determination of hematopoietic stem cells [review] PMID: 27422432
    5. Studies indicate that geminin expression is associated with different types of cancer. PMID: 27702582
    6. High geminin expression is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 25082658
    7. De novo GMNN mutations cause autosomal-dominant primordial dwarfism associated with Meier-Gorlin syndrome. PMID: 26637980
    8. Elevated Ki67 and geminin expression distinguish a fraction of metastatic breast carcinoma with worse prognosis. PMID: 25595275
    9. geminin is indispensable for fetal hematopoiesis and regulates the generation of a physiological pool of stem and progenitor cells in the fetal hematopoietic system. PMID: 25516969
    10. These findings suggest that E2F-mediated activation of Geminin transcription is negatively regulated by Geminin through the inhibition of chromatin remodeling. PMID: 24554762
    11. Bound Geminin prevents transition of the pre-replicative complexes to a state that is competent for initiation of DNA replication. PMID: 25231993
    12. Selective expression of geminin during the proliferative phase of the cell cycle and its nuclear specificity increase its potential to be used as an alternative marker of proliferation in breast cancer patients. PMID: 24292956
    13. Protein levels of Geminin and Cdt1 are tightly regulated through the cell cycle, and the Cdt1-Geminin complex likely acts as a molecular switch that can enable or disable the firing of each origin of replication. PMID: 22918581
    14. The Aurora-A-geminin-Cdt1 axis represents a critical regulator of proper DNA replication. PMID: 23695679
    15. The properties of the Idas-Geminin complex suggest it as the functional form of Idas and provide a possible mechanism to modulate Geminin activity PMID: 24064211
    16. Human geminin, when expressed in human cells in culture under a constitutive promoter, is excluded from the nucleus during part of the G1 phase and at the transition from G0 to G1. PMID: 23814078
    17. MCM 7, geminin and topo IIalpha can be reliable tools for the differential diagnosis of reactive mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelioma cells. PMID: 23860238
    18. Data indicate that retroviral transduction-mediated overexpression or siRNA-mediated knock-down of Hoxa9 respectively down-regulated or up-regulated Geminin in hematopoietic cells. PMID: 23326393
    19. Coincidently amplified CDK13, GMNN, and CENPF genes can play a role as common cancer-driver genes in human cancers. PMID: 22912832
    20. p53 not only regulates cell-cycle progression, but also functions through geminin to prevent DHFR amplification and protect genomic integrity. PMID: 23026135
    21. Data suggest that pulmonary metastasis is corrected with levels of Geminin, cleaved caspase-3, CD44, E-cadherin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and CD204 in cancer cells within permeated lymphatic vessels. PMID: 22429811
    22. If cell cycle checkpoints are inhibited in cells lacking geminin, cells progress through mitosis and less re-replication occurs. PMID: 22366459
    23. found that geminin and TopoIIalpha interact primarily in G2/M/early G1 cells on chromosomes, that geminin recruits TopoIIalpha to chromosomal decatenation sites or vice versa and that geminin silencing in mammary epithelial cells triggers formation of chromosome bridges by suppressing TopoIIalpha access to chromosomal arms PMID: 21595939
    24. The C-terminal residue Ser184 of Geminin can be phosphorylated by Casein kinase II, resulting in the enhanced binding to Hox and more potent inhibitory effect on Hox transcriptional activity. PMID: 22615398
    25. geminin is a genuine oncogene that promotes cytokinesis failure and production of aneuploid, aggressive breast tumors when overexpressed PMID: 22184288
    26. The over-expression of geminin and cdt1 may play an important role in pathogenesis of acute leukemia. PMID: 21729526
    27. Geminin has been shown to coordinate proliferation and differentiation by regulating cell cycle progression, chromatin organization, and transcription in the nervous system. (Review) PMID: 21740351
    28. Idas as a novel Geminin binding partner, implicated in cell cycle progression, and a putative regulator of proliferation-differentiation decisions during development. PMID: 21543332
    29. Geminin enhances the binding of HDAC11 to Cdt1 and inhibits Cdt1-induced chromatin decondensation. PMID: 20980834
    30. Geminin expression is potentially a useful marker for predicting tumour aggressiveness and clinical outcome in salivary gland carcinomas. PMID: 20497246
    31. Data show that the Cdt1:Geminin complex can exist in two distinct forms, a "permissive" heterotrimer and an "inhibitory" heterohexamer. PMID: 19906994
    32. Results show that geminin, cdt1 and cdc6 are differentially regulated during megakaryocytic differentiation and suggest an active role of cdc6 in endomitosis. PMID: 12429841
    33. elevated levels in human cytomegalovirus infected fibroblasts PMID: 12551974
    34. Expression and phosphorylation of geminin. PMID: 12745091
    35. geminin does not have a role in Cdk-phosphorylation/negative regulation of Cdt1 PMID: 14993212
    36. Inactivation of Geminin, an inhibitor of origin licensing, leads to rereplication in human normal and tumor cells within the same cell cycle. PMID: 15159417
    37. Geminin is both a negative and positive regulator of pre-replicative complex formation in human cells, playing a positive role in allowing DNA replication factor Double parked accumulation in G2-M PMID: 15257290
    38. Data suggest that geminin is required for suppressing overreplication in cells with wild-type or mutant p53 and that a G(2)/M checkpoint restricts the proliferation of cells with overreplicated DNA. PMID: 15282313
    39. in proliferating HeLa cells geminin and Cdt1 are co-expressed during a relatively short time at the G(1)-to-S phase transition; Cdt1 is rapidly degraded early in S phase, but geminin remains bound to the chromatin sites PMID: 15284237
    40. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry localize Cdt1 as well as geminin to the proliferative compartment of the developing mouse gut epithelium PMID: 15291814
    41. Results describe the crystal structure of the coiled-coil domain of human geminin, and give a consistent identification and mapping of geminin interacting regions onto structurally important domains. PMID: 15313623
    42. expression of geminin is frequently deregulated in tumor cells and might play an important role in the regulation of cell growth in both normal and malignant cells. PMID: 15389519
    43. Geminin expression is severely downregulated upon differentiation of Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial differentiation. PMID: 16273206
    44. The activity of Gem in regulating cell fate, in addition to its cell-cycle-regulatory activity, requires control of its subcellular localization. PMID: 16464175
    45. The combination of MCM2, geminin and Ki67 could represent a valuable tool in the understanding of hepatocellular carcinoma progression in cirrhosis. PMID: 16629645
    46. Findings suggest that the CDT1 838G/A and GMNN 387C/A polymorphisms may not play a major role in the etiology of breast cancer. PMID: 17029205
    47. Geminin is cleaved in primary cells and cancer cell lines induced to undergo apoptosis by a variety of stimuli. PMID: 17261582
    48. ATR/Chk1 pathway is activated at an early time point after the loss of Geminin and contributes to checkpoint arrest PMID: 17716975
    49. These results suggested that, at least in vitro, oleic acid-containing cell membranes of the lipid bilayer inhibit Cdt1-geminin complex formation by binding to Cdt1 and thereby liberating Cdt1 from inhibition by geminin. PMID: 18288374
    50. geminin is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and downregulated by apigenin which may contribute to the antitumor effect of this natural flavonoid PMID: 18404646

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  • 相关疾病：
    Meier-Gorlin syndrome 6 (MGORS6)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Geminin family
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 17493

    OMIM: 602842

    KEGG: hsa:51053

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000230056

    UniGene: Hs.234896