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  4. AKR1C3 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

AKR1C3 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

  • 货号：
    CSB-RA825204A0HU
  • 规格：
    ￥1320
  • 图片：
    • Immunofluorescence staining of Hela Cells with CSB-RA825204A0HU at 1:50, counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeated by 0.2% TritonX-100, and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4℃. Nuclear DNA was labeled in blue with DAPI. The secondary antibody was FITC-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).
    • Overlay histogram showing A549 cells stained with CSB-RA825204A0HU (red line) at 1:50. The cells were fixed with 70% Ethylalcohol (18h) and then incubated in 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followedby the antibody (1µg/1*106 cells) for 1 h at 4℃.The secondary antibody used was FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1/200 dilution for 30min at 4℃. Control antibody (green line) was Rabbit IgG (1µg/1*106 cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >10,000 events was performed.
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 产品描述：

    AKR1C3, or PGF synthase, catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandins H2 and D2 into PGF2 and 9,11-PGF2, respectively. AKR1C3 is known to play a role in estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and prostaglandin metabolism and biosynthesis. Overexpression of the AKR1C3 gene has been found to be a promising biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa) progression. AKR1C3 stimulates the production of androgens and the activation of androgen receptors in PCa as a key androgen synthase. Patients with breast cancer (BRC) who overexpress AKR1C3 have a worse prognosis.

    To produce the recombinant AKR1C3 antibody genes were cloned from B cells that were isolated from immunized animals with the A synthesized peptide derived from human AKR1C3 and then were inserted into plasma vectors. Mammalian cells like CHO and HEK 293 cells were transfected with these recombinant vectors allowing for antibody expression. The cell culture supernatant underwent purification via Affinity-chromatography to obtain the recombinant AKR1C3 antibody. This recombinant AKR1C3 antibody can react with the AKR1C3 protein from Human and is recommended for the use in the ELISA, IF, FC.

  • Uniprot No.：
    P42330
  • 基因名：
    AKR1C3
  • 别名：
    Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (EC 1.-.-.-) (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5) (17-beta-HSD 5) (3-alpha-HSD type II, brain) (3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2) (3-alpha-HSD type 2) (EC 1.1.1.357) (Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRb) (Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3) (DD-3) (DD3) (Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase type I) (HA1753) (Indanol dehydrogenase) (EC 1.1.1.112) (Prostaglandin F synthase) (PGFS) (EC 1.1.1.188) (Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 5) (EC 1.1.1.239) (EC 1.1.1.64) (Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase) (EC 1.3.1.20), AKR1C3, DDH1 HSD17B5 KIAA0119 PGFS
  • 反应种属：
    Human
  • 免疫原：
    A synthesized peptide derived from human AKR1C3
  • 免疫原种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 标记方式：
    Non-conjugated
  • 克隆类型：
    Monoclonal
  • 抗体亚型：
    Rabbit IgG
  • 纯化方式：
    Affinity-chromatography
  • 克隆号：
    4D12
  • 浓度：
    It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
  • 保存缓冲液：
    Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Liquid
  • 应用范围：
    ELISA, IF, FC
  • 推荐稀释比：
    Application Recommended Dilution
    IF 1:20-1:200
    FC 1:20-1:200
  • Protocols：
  • 储存条件：
    Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
  • 货期：
    Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids. Acts as a NAD(P)(H)-dependent 3-, 17- and 20-ketosteroid reductase on the steroid nucleus and side chain and regulates the metabolism of androgens, estrogens and progesterone. Displays the ability to catalyze both oxidation and reduction in vitro, but most probably acts as a reductase in vivo since the oxidase activity measured in vitro is inhibited by physiological concentration of NADPH. Acts preferentially as a 17-ketosteroid reductase and has the highest catalytic efficiency of the AKR1C enzyme for the reduction of delta4-androstenedione to form testosterone. Reduces prostaglandin (PG) D2 to 11beta-prostaglandin F2, progesterone to 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and estrone to 17beta-estradiol. Catalyzes the transformation of the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into the less active form, 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Displays also retinaldehyde reductase activity toward 9-cis-retinal.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. Genotype data on the AKR1C3 rs12529 SNP indicates that all three prostate cancer groups (New Zealanders, African Americans, and Caucasian Americans) have similar genotype and allele frequencies. The highest percentage of high-risk PC as a percentage of all PC were recorded for ever-smoker AA men with the AKR1C3 rs12529 CC genotype while the lowest was recorded for never-smoker NZ men with the CG+GG genotypes. PMID: 29920533
    2. AKR1C3 is a novel epithelial-mesenchymal transition driver in prostate cancer metastasis through activating ERK signaling. PMID: 30139661
    3. The GG genotype of AKR1C3 rs10508293 is associated with decreased risk for preeclampsia. PMID: 29777907
    4. AKR1C3 transcriptional regulation and its role in prostate cancer progression [review] PMID: 28359237
    5. Overexpression of AKR1C3 could result in the accumulation of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), which can not only promote prostate cancer cell 's proliferation but also could enhance prostate cancer cells resistance to radiation. PMID: 27385003
    6. The replacement of C154 with a residue possessing a bulky aromatic side-chain impairs the folding of the alpha-helix containing C154 and its neighboring secondary structures, leading to low thermostability of AKR1C3. PMID: 28025170
    7. Data suggest that, in breast cancer cells, expression of HSD17B5 and expression of GRP78 (an apoptosis inhibitor) are strongly but negatively correlated; GRP78 knockdown decreases breast cancer cell viability whereas HSD17B5 knockdown increases cell viability and cell proliferation. (HSD17B5, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 5; GRP78, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein) PMID: 28457968
    8. AKR1C3 is the primary enzyme and CBR1 is a minor enzyme responsible for warfarin reduction in human liver cytosol. PMID: 27055738
    9. the present study suggests that AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and AKR1C4 are closely associated with drug resistance to both CDDP and 5FU, and that mefenamic acid, an inhibitor of AKR1C, restores sensitivity through inhibition of drug-resistance in human cancer cells. PMID: 28259989
    10. a variant in the promoter region of HSD17B5 related to fetal androgen synthesis influences the genital phenotype in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency females. PMID: 27082632
    11. Five common AKR1C3 polymorphisms were associated with decreased rates of exemestane catalysis. PMID: 27111237
    12. If our these findings can be reproduced in larger homogeneous cohorts, a genetic stratification based on the AKR1C3 rs12529 single nucleotide polymorphism, can minimize androgen deprivation therapy-related health-related quality of life effects in prostate cancer patients PMID: 27485119
    13. We identified strong associations between the studied AKR1C3 variants and UBC risk. The homozygous variant genotype of rs12529 was found to be inversely associated with UBC, and rs1937920 was shown to be associated with increased risk of UBC. None of the genotypes were found to be significantly associated with tumor characteristics. PMID: 27085562
    14. aldo-keto reductase 1C3-mediated prostaglandin D2 metabolism has a role in keloids PMID: 26308156
    15. The results suggest that decreased expression of AKR1C3 may be involved in development of gastric cancer and can be restored by Sodium Butyrate. PMID: 27019068
    16. AKR1C3 expression is elevated in prostate cancer cell lines and primary prostate cancer, suggesting a link between AKR1C3 levels and the epigenetic status in prostate cancer cells. PMID: 26429394
    17. Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 is overexpressed in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). AKR1C3 affects SCC growth via prostaglandin metabolism. PMID: 24917395
    18. these results indicated that the actions of AKR1C3 can produce FP receptor ligands whose activation results in carcinoma cell survival in breast cancer. PMID: 26170067
    19. and AKR1C3 may serve as a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer PMID: 25754347
    20. AKR1C3 activation is a critical resistance mechanism associated with enzalutamide resistance. PMID: 25649766
    21. In the present study, crystal structures of complexes of HSD17B5 with structurally diverse inhibitors derived from high-throughput screening were determined. PMID: 25849402
    22. AKR1C3 mRNA expression did not differ between bipolar disorder patients in any affective state or in comparison with healthy control subjects. PMID: 25522430
    23. A catalysis-independent role for AKR1C3 on AR activity via Siah2 has been identified. PMID: 26160177
    24. AKR1C3 mediated doxorubicin resistance might be resulted from the activation of anti-apoptosis PTEN/Akt pathway via PTEN loss. PMID: 25661377
    25. Findings indicate the potential involvement of aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 in the acquired radioresistance by AKR1C3 overexpression. PMID: 25419901
    26. Higher expression of PLA2G2A, PTGS2, AKR1B1, AKR1C3 and ABCC4 was seen in 22-B endometriosis cells. PMID: 25446850
    27. P450c17 and AKR1C3 inhibition may be an effective combinatorial treatment strategy. PMID: 25514466
    28. AKR1C3 2 G allele carriers exhibited greater increases in heart rate and stimulant and sedative effects of alcohol than C allele homozygotes PMID: 24838369
    29. Data suggest that reduction of daunorubicin/idarubicin is catalyzed by AKR1C3 and contributes to resistance of carcinoma cells to these anthracyclines; expression of AKR1C3 is induced in carcinoma cells following exposure to daunorubicin/idarubicin. PMID: 24832494
    30. AKR1C3 can serve as a promising biomarker for the progression of prostate cancer PMID: 24571686
    31. The -71G HSD17B5 variant is not a major component of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms of PCOS, although it might contribute to the severity of hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS and biochemical hyperandrogenism. PMID: 18692800
    32. Significantly higher levels of SRD5A1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and HSD17B10 mRNA were however found in bone metastases than in non-malignant and/or malignant prostate tissue PMID: 24244276
    33. Report expression of AKR1C3 in neuroendocrine tumors and adenocarcinomas of pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung. PMID: 24228104
    34. Silencing of AKR1C3 increases LCN2 expression and inhibits metastasis in cervical cancer. PMID: 24316309
    35. Data indicate that fallopian tube and the epithelial component of Brenner tumours (BTs) expressed AKR1C3 and androgen receptor, but the tumour stromal cells showed strong expression of calretinin, inhibin and steroidogenic factor 1 in the majority of BTs. PMID: 24012099
    36. Correlation of aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) 1C3 genetic variant with doxorubicin pharmacodynamics in Asian breast cancer patients. PMID: 23116553
    37. examine the evidence that supports the vital role of AKR1C3 in CRPC and recent developments in the discovery of potent and selective AKR1C3 inhibitors PMID: 23748150
    38. AKR1C3-mediated radioresistance in lung cancer cells is correlated with an arrest in the G2/M cell cycle and a decreased induction of apoptosis. PMID: 23519145
    39. The involvement of up-regulated AKR1C1, AKR1C3 and proteasome in CDDP resistance of colon cancers. PMID: 23165153
    40. Affect further reduction of 3-keto and 20-keto groups catalyzed by AKR1C2 and AKR1C3. PMID: 23183084
    41. AKR1C3 can be considered a therapeutic target in a subgroup of patients with high AKR1C3 expression. PMID: 23196782
    42. Our data suggest that there is no association of HSD17B6 and HSD17B5 variants with the occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Chinese population PMID: 21039282
    43. Activin A stimulates AKR1C3 expression and growth in human prostate cancer PMID: 23024260
    44. AKR1C3 immunoreactivity was extensively present in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma arising from the lung and the gastroesophageal junction, but not in small cell carcinoma. PMID: 22670171
    45. determined the X-ray crystal structure of AKR1C3 with the cofactor NADP+ and the drug-like inhibitor 3-phenoxybenzoic acid bound at a resolution of 1.68 A degrees in space group P212121 PMID: 22505408
    46. AKR1C3 functions in differentiation-associated gene regulation and also has a role in supporting inflammation in atopic dermatitis. PMID: 22170488
    47. Evidence of association of two alleles for alcohol dependence (AD) is found in SRD5A1 and AKR1C3, mediating a protective effect of the minor allele at each AD marker based on the genotype of the second marker. PMID: 21323680
    48. the pro-proliferative action of AKR1C3 in HL-60 cells involves the retinoic acid signalling pathway and that this is in part due to the retinaldehyde reductase activity of AKR1C3 PMID: 21851338
    49. role of AKR1C3 in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone via the 5beta-reductase pathway. PMID: 21521174
    50. enhanced metabolism of progesterone by SRD5A1 and the 20alpha-HSD and 3alpha/beta-HSD activities of AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 PMID: 21232532

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  • 亚细胞定位：
    Cytoplasm.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Aldo/keto reductase family
  • 组织特异性：
    Expressed in many tissues including adrenal gland, brain, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland, placenta, small intestine, colon, spleen, prostate and testis. High expression in prostate and mammary gland. In the prostate, higher levels in epithelial cells
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 386

    OMIM: 603966

    KEGG: hsa:8644

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000369927

    UniGene: Hs.78183