Mouse Growth/differentiation factor 11(GDF11) ELISA kit

Secreted signal that acts globally to regulate anterior/posterior axial patterning during development. May play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues. It is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development. Signals through activin receptors type-2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, and activin receptors type-1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1 leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3.

1. critical regulator of kidney fibrosis and tubular function PMID: 29731246
2. study indicates that GDF11/8 in the kidney decreases with age and that GDF11 can increase tubular cell dedifferentiation and proliferation as well as improve tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury (AKI) in old mice. PMID: 27703192
3. Our results showed that GDF11 inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and had no effect on osteoclast differentiation or bone resorption PMID: 27395058
4. In conclusion, our findings show that GDF11 expression declines with age and the protective effects of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated delivery of GDF11 on the aged ischemic heart provide support for the classification of GDF11 as an anti-aging factor PMID: 28004242
5. we found that myostatin forms a complex with LTBP4 and that overexpression of LTBP4 led to a decrease in myostatin levels. LTBP4 also interacted with TGFbeta and GDF11, a protein highly related to myostatin. These data identify LTBP4 as a multi-TGFbeta family ligand binding protein with the capacity to modify muscle disease through overexpression PMID: 27148972
6. Circulating levels of GDF11/8 declines with age in mice (and sheep, horses and rats). PMID: 26489925
7. Data show that circulating myostatin levels decreased with age and estimates of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) levels using myostatin null mice indicate that they were almost 500 times lower than those for myostatin. PMID: 26372181
8. Two new studies demonstrate that GDF11 this "factor of youth" rejuvenates stem cells found in the skeletal muscle and brain of aged mice. PMID: 25112712
9. Therefore, we postulate that GDF-11DeltaEx1 may act as a long non-coding RNA to regulate the transcription of canonical GDF-11 and/or other genes in skeletal muscle and other tissues PMID: 24378996
10. Expression of GDF11, a cytokine which blocks terminal erythroid maturation, was increased in erthyroblasts of thalassemic mice. PMID: 24658077
11. GDF11 inhibited erythroid maturation in mice in vivo and ex vivo. Expression of GDF11 in erythroid precursors decreased progressively with maturation, suggesting an inhibitory role for GDF11 in late-stage erythroid differentiation. PMID: 24658078
12. Gdf11 stimulates expression of a Hoxd11/lacZ transgene in the mouse embryo tailbud. PMID: 24016758
13. GASP-1 and GASP-2 are important modulators of GDF-11 and MSTN activity in vivo. PMID: 24019467
14. Gdf11 signaling is a major coordinator of the trunk-to-tail transition during mouse development PMID: 23763947
15. Using modified aptamer-based proteomics, study identified the TGF-beta superfamily member GDF11 as a circulating factor in young mice that declines with age. PMID: 23663781
16. These results suggest that over-expression of BMP11 propeptide stimulates bone formation by increasing osteoblast cell functions. PMID: 22093826
17. PCSK5 and GDF11 expression during hindgut morphogenesis could be key factors for normal anorectal development, which can be disturbed by the administration of an overdose of all-trans retinoic acid, leading to anorectal malformations. PMID: 21480163
18. Significant effects of GDF11 propeptide transgene on vertebral formation. PMID: 21049546
19. Gdf11 secreted by newly born neurons in the developing spinal cord facilitates the temporal progression of neurogenesis by acting as a positive feedback signal on the progenitor cells to promote cell cycle exit and decrease proliferation ability. PMID: 21248112
20. GDF11 signaling regulates development of caudal vertebrae and is involved in specification of axial vertebrae in part by maintaining Cyp26a1 expression. PMID: 20801112
21. Activin type IIB(ActRIIB) and its subfamily receptor, Activin type IIA (ActRIIA), cooperatively mediate the Gdf11 signal in patterning the axial vertebrae PMID: 12414726
22. GDF11 plays a role in autoregulation of neurogenesis PMID: 12546816
23. Gdf11 may be important in directing the initial outgrowth of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct by controlling the expression of Gdnf in the metanephric mesenchyme.Gdf11 also regulates kidney organogenesis PMID: 12729564
24. GDF11 regulates the production and maturation of islet progenitor cells in pancreas development. PMID: 15548585
25. GDF11 controls the numbers of retinal ganglion cells (RGC's) as well as amacrine and photoreceptor cells that form during development; it controls duration of expression of Math5, a gene that confers competence for RGC genesis, in progenitor cells PMID: 15976303
26. GDF11 forms a noncovalent latent complex with its SPC-cleaved prodomain and that this latent complex is activated via cleavage at a single specific site by members of the developmentally important BMP1/Tolloid family of metalloproteinases. PMID: 15988002
27. Gdf11 has an important function in determining Hox gene expression domains and rostrocaudal identity in the caudal spinal cord. PMID: 16790475
28. Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis. PMID: 16845371
29. Gdf11 transcripts are expressed in embryonic pancreas epithelium before the secondary transition but decrease rapidly afterward. PMID: 16964608
30. the selectivity of PC5/6 for Gdf11 essentially resides in the presence of a P1' Asn in the RSRR downward arrowN cleavage motif PMID: 18378898
31. We propose that Pcsk5, at least in part via GDF11, coordinately regulates caudal Hox paralogs, to control anteroposterior patterning, nephrogenesis, skeletal, and anorectal development. PMID: 18519639
32. Functional validation of activins and bone morphogenetic protein 11 as candidate novel muscle mass regulators. PMID: 18927237
33. defects in development of the cerebral hemispheres in Foxg1(-/-) mice are not rescued by mutations in Gdf11, nor is Gdf11 expressed at high levels within these structures PMID: 19297409
34. Study shows that Mstn-/- Gdf11-/- mice have more extensive homeotic transformations of the axial skeleton than Gdf11-/- mice in addition to skeletal defects not seen in single mutants such as extra forelimbs. PMID: 19298661

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Secreted.

TGF-beta family

Highly expressed in the developing limb bud, initially detected in the distal mesenchyme, and later localizing to regions around the developing bones. Is also expressed in adult dental pulp and brain.

KEGG: mmu:14561

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000026408

UniGene: Mm.299218