Recombinant Rat Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (Th)

1. In hepatic encephalopathy model rats, a reduction in TH-positive neurons was seen at both 1 and 6 months in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), as well as a reduction in TH-positive fibres in the striatum. This was coincident with the appearance of alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive neurons in the SNc; some of the TH-positive neurons also showed alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity. PMID: 28984618
2. Study demonstrates that the local synthesis of Tyrosine Hydroxylase can modulate the levels of catecholamines in the axon and nerve terminal, and raises the possibility that trafficking and local synthesis of Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA may act to facilitate the restoration of neurotransmitter levels under conditions of prolonged release. PMID: 28630892
3. Objective of the present study was to determine whether the lack of activity-stimulating effects of amphetamine in hyperactive rats is associated with changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. Study confirmed that changes in TH activity may be causally involved in the loss of amphetamine's locomotor-stimulating effects under conditions of impaired DAT activity. PMID: 28750831
4. Study compared showing a clear-cut profile of either gambling proneness or aversion, found a selective down-regulation of i) serotonin transporter in prefrontal cortex, ii) tyrosine hydroxylase in ventral striatum, iii) dopamine transporter in lymphocytes was evidenced in "gambler" vs "non-gambler" rats. PMID: 27789384
5. Our results suggest that HMGB1 upregulates TH expression to maintain dopaminergic neuronal function via activating RAGE, which is dependent on JNK phosphorylation. PMID: 28887039
6. Data suggest that TH phosphorylated at Ser-31 co-distributes with Golgi complexes and synaptic-like vesicles in rat and human dopaminergic neurons/cell lines; Ser-31 phosphorylation may regulate TH subcellular localization by enabling its transport along microtubules, notably toward the projection terminals. PMID: 28637871
7. tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase-was evaluated in the organ of Zuckerkandl of rats in the critical period of morphogenesis PMID: 28726094
8. results provide the first direct evidence that TH mRNA is trafficked to the axon and that the mRNA is locally translated. These findings raise the interesting possibility that the biosynthesis of the catecholamine neurotransmitters is locally regulated in the axon and/or presynaptic nerve terminal PMID: 27095027
9. these data demonstrate a novel interaction between Hsc70 and TH that regulates the activity and localization of the enzyme to synaptic vesicles, suggesting an important role for Hsc70 in dopamine homeostasis. PMID: 27365397
10. Exercise-Mediated Increase in Nigral Tyrosine Hydroxylase in aging rats. PMID: 26599339
11. LPS significantly increased the supernatant TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations and reduced TH protein expression in PC12 cells, while silencing Nogo-A could block these effects PMID: 26583134
12. that deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus induced substantial higher numbers of TH-immunoreactive cells in the VTA PMID: 25074751
13. Activation of proteasome degradation by IU-1, which is an inhibitor for the deubiquitinating activity of USP14, decreased only the quantity of TH molecules phosphorylated at their Ser19. PMID: 26969276
14. Data show that Fischer 344 rats displayed greater tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter levels in the frontal cortex compared to the Lewis rats. PMID: 26658810
15. Trx-1 is involved in TH expression induced by epinephrine in PC12 cells PMID: 25957836
16. Dopamine deficiency induces compensatory activation of tyrosine hydroxylase via phosphorylation at 40Ser through D2-autoreceptor and PKA-mediated pathways. PMID: 26225746
17. Data suggest that, in the Fe(II) catalytic center of TyrH, one water molecule coordinates with tyrosine, nitric oxide, and 6-methyltetrahydropterin. PMID: 26024204
18. Atrial natriuretic peptide mediates negative regulation of TH gene expression via stimulation of PDE2-dependent cAMP breakdown in PC12 cells. PMID: 24837549
19. These results demonstrate asymmetry in noradrenegic genes (Th, NET, and VMAT2) in the right and left stellate ganglia during stress and provide molecular evidence to help explain the difference in response to the stress. PMID: 24480406
20. there exists possible interrelation between TH and tryptophan hydroxylase gene expression and epigenetic histone acetylation in chronic unpredictable stress-induced depressive rats, which at least partly contributes to the etiology of depression. PMID: 24495952
21. acute footshock stress leads to activation of TH in the locus coeruleus, pre-synaptic terminals in the prefrontal cortex and adrenal medullary chromaffin PMID: 24117713
22. Activation of Beclin 1-dependent autophagy may inhibit the loss of TH-positive neurons. PMID: 23868341
23. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier results in increased activation of Th-containing cells by circulating angiotensin II. PMID: 23608099
24. No changes were observed in gene expression and protein levels of TH in the right hippocampus in chronic stress, whereas expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzyme was elevated in the left hippocampus. PMID: 24317346
25. expression of soluble GFRalpha1 in substantia nigra may be a key component in locomotor activity regulation through its influence over TH regulation and dopamine biosynthesis. PMID: 23321789
26. The pattern of aging differs between male and female rats both on performance of a delayed alternation task and in the density of TH fibers in the medial prefrontal cortex. PMID: 23327742
27. These results show that phosphorylation of TH at Ser31 and Ser40 is increased in carotid body glomus cells by short-term hypoxia PMID: 23153692
28. Saturation mutagenesis of Asp425 results in large (up to 10(4)) decreases in the V(max) and V(max)/K(tyr) values for tyrosine hydroxylation, but only small decreases or even increases in the V(max) and V(max)/K(phe) values for phenylalanine hydroxylation. PMID: 23368961
29. These findings imply that tyrosine hydroxylase activation of the ERK1/2 signal pathway could play an important role in ouabain-induced hyperactivity of rats, a mania model. PMID: 21871514
30. albumin prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase PMID: 22815976
31. Glucocorticoids are capable of inducing tyrosine hydroxylase at both transcriptional and enzyme activity levels in the brainstem of near-term fetuses. PMID: 22212880
32. CNTF decreased TH enzyme levels, thereby increasing the specific activity of the enzyme PMID: 22372951
33. Substance P, TH and serotonin are not always co-localized in terminals forming inputs with laryngeal motoneurons; they arise from separate subpopulations of neurons. PMID: 21689789
34. Early life stress has enduring effects on the populations of midbrain TH-expressing dopaminergic neurons (especially in female rats), which are critically important for dopamine-regulated brain function throughout ontogenesis. PMID: 21396433
35. TH regulation in the midbrain may be critical for dopamine bioavailability to influence behavior. PMID: 22242182
36. Results compare the effect of a brief interruption then resumption of suckling on the temporal program of tyrosine hydroxylase and enkephalin regulation in lactating rats. PMID: 21125428
37. Dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde covalently modifies and inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase activity. PMID: 21514317
38. The decrease in TH content in the substantia nigra compacta correlated with the aging of rats. PMID: 21818658
39. Stress did not alter tyrosine hydroxylase expression in heart ventricles. PMID: 21777029
40. Measuring TH phosphorylation at Ser19, Ser31, and Ser40 over time can therefore be used as a sensitive index to differentiate the effects of different stressors on catecholaminergic cells. PMID: 21767616
41. Endothelin 1 is involved in the long-term regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, leading to an increase in catecholaminergic activity implicated in diverse pathologies involving the olfactory bulbs. PMID: 21129429
42. alpha2-Adrenoceptors do not play a substantial role in regulating the tyrosine hydroxylase phenotype of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons during osmotic challenge induced by vasopressin deficiency. PMID: 20814066
43. Data show that after stress, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was decreased in amygdale, and the levels of glucocorticoid and sphingosine 1-phosphate were elevated in serum. PMID: 21076868
44. These findings suggest that the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in different catecholamine-producing cells varies considerably and is dependent on both the nature of the stressor and the time at which the response is analysed. PMID: 20811774
45. This study suggested that the expression of either TH mRNA or TH protein was subject to the mediation of different transmembrane receptor combinations of GDNF. PMID: 20884338
46. The expressions of TH mRNA and the immunoreactivity for TH were not altered in the CB of rats exposed to hypercapnia. It is suggested that CO(2) does not affect TH expression in the CB, and that it inhibits hypoxia-enhanced TH expression. PMID: 20620242
47. transcriptional mechanisms are involved in mediating the immobilization stress triggered elevation in TH gene expression in the superior cervical ganglia. PMID: 20102321
48. results indicate that, under hypoxic conditions, TH (a key factor in systemic adaptation to reduced oxygen availability) is not regulated by HIF-1, the primary modulator of the response to hypoxia, but by the A2aR-mediated signalling pathway PMID: 20143408
49. The renal protective effect of ginsenosides against acute renal failure was accompanied by up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus. PMID: 19249909
50. Data show that inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase in hypothalamic neuroendocrine dopamine neurons is required for suckling-induced prolactin and ACTH responses. PMID: 20170714

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KEGG: rno:25085

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000027682

UniGene: Rn.11082