Recombinant Human Growth/differentiation factor 2 (GDF2), partial

1. Case-control analyses reveal significant overrepresentation of rare variants in ATP13A3, AQP1 and SOX17, and provide independent validation of a critical role for GDF2 in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID: 29650961
2. Low BMP9 expression is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 30015950
3. BMP-9 was found the most effective to induce osteogenic transdifferentiation of fat tissue in vitro PMID: 28054585
4. Epigenetic Regulation of GDF2 Suppresses Anoikis in Ovarian and Breast Epithelia. PMID: 26678910
5. BMP9 is highly expressed in bladder cancer cells. BMP9 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration through up-regulation of lncRNA UCA1. PMID: 29642505
6. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) was identified as a target of miR-149 in MG63 cells, and BMP9 expression was negatively correlated with miR149 level in osteosarcoma clinical samples. miR-149 promotes osteosarcoma progression via targeting BMP9. PMID: 28956179
7. The binding free energies indicate that ALK-3 preferably binds to BMP-2 instead of BMP-9. The structural analysis shows that ALK-3 binding with BMP-2 occurs in a perfectly symmetry pathway, whereas this symmetry is lost for possible ALK-3 interactions with BMP-9 PMID: 28869862
8. The BMP9-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 was increased with the overexpression of RUNX3, and yet was decreased with the knockdown of RUNX3. Collectively, our findings suggest that RUNX3 is an essential modulator of the BMP9-induced osteoblast lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PMID: 29039519
9. BMP9 is overexpressed in hepatic stellate cells in a cohort of liver fibrosis patients. PMID: 29223735
10. our study indicates that BMP9 can inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, which may be related to interaction between pre-adipocytes/adipocytes and MDA-MB-231 cells via leptin signaling pathway. PMID: 28415788
11. BMP9 interacts with a hydrophobic surface of the N-terminal orphan domain of ENG, which adopts a new duplicated fold generated by circular permutation. PMID: 28564608
12. this is the first study that accurately identifies BMP9 as a profibrotic factor in fibroblasts. PMID: 27208502
13. the combination of BMP-9 and MC-GAG stimulates chondrocytic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. PMID: 27275929
14. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of rhBMP9 significantly and markedly induced osteoblast differentiation when compared to rhBMP2 and PMID: 27699987
15. The results demonstrate that although BMP9 alone does not influence leukocyte recruitment, it primes the vascular endothelium to mount a more intense response when challenged with LPS through an increase in TLR4, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 and ultimately through enhanced leukocyte recruitment. PMID: 27647829
16. Data suggest BMP9/GDF2 and BMP10 synergize with TNFA to increase monocyte recruitment to vascular endothelial cells; process appears to be mediated mainly via ALK2/ACVR1 (which exhibits protein kinase activity). These studies used in vitro flow monocyte adhesion assay. (BMP9 = growth differentiation factor 2; BMP10 = bone morphogenetic protein 10; TNFA = tumor necrosis factor alpha; ALK2/ACVR1 = activin A receptor type 1) PMID: 28646109
17. These results suggest that BMP9-transduced calvarial mesenchymal progenitor cells seeded in a PPCN-g thermoresponsive scaffold is capable of inducing bone formation in vivo and is an effective means of creating tissue engineered bone for critical sized defects. PMID: 28249039
18. circulating levels significantly decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and associated with glucose homoeostasis and insulin sensitivity PMID: 27940998
19. the data identify MxA as a novel stimulator of BMP4 and BMP9 transcriptional signaling, and suggest it to be a candidate IFN-alpha-inducible mechanism that might have a protective role against development of pulmonary arterial hypertension and other vascular diseases. PMID: 27875556
20. BMP9 inhibited the proliferation and migration of the A549 cells. PMID: 27177272
21. his study shows that BMP9 inhibition is associated with Osteosarcoma (OS) development and that enhanced expression of BMP9 may be a potential treatment method for OS PMID: 27706722
22. IGF1 can enhance BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. PMID: 26645636
23. In ovarian and breast epithelial cells, epigenetic regulation of GDF2 suppresses anoikis. PMID: 26678910
24. BMP9 also influenced the expression of PPARgamma. PMID: 26609524
25. Data suggest ALK1 and ACVR2A/ACVR2B, acting as BMP9 co-receptors, rearrange pro-domains of BMP9--pro-domain dimer complex leading to displacement of pro-domains after receptor binding, release of mature non-dimer BPM9, and activation of signaling. PMID: 26677222
26. DLL4/Notch1 and BMP9 interdependent signaling induces endothelial cell quiescence via P27KIP1/thrombospondin pathway. PMID: 26471266
27. BMP9 Crosstalk with the Hippo Pathway Regulates Endothelial Cell Matricellular and Chemokine Responses PMID: 25909848
28. BMP-9 induces vascular smooth muscle cell osteogenic differentiation and calcification via ALK1, Smad and ALP dependent mechanisms. PMID: 25297851
29. This review summarizes the indirect connection between BMP9 and liver fibrosis, with a focus on the BMP9 signaling pathway members ALK1, endoglin, Id1, hepcidin and Snail. [review] PMID: 25393508
30. Data show that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) can inhibit the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and promote osteogenesis and proliferation of HS-5 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the co-culture system. PMID: 25209393
31. structural analysis of the bone morphogenetic protein 9 procomplex PMID: 25751889
32. These findings suggest that BMP9 can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of SK-BR-3 cells via inactivating ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways PMID: 24805814
33. BMP9 is regulated by redox-dependent proteolysis PMID: 25237187
34. in primary, non-malignant cells BMP-9 stabilizes the epithelial phenotype and inhibits proliferation, in hepatocellular carcinoma cells it induces cell growth and the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. PMID: 24670474
35. these observations indicate that BMP9 is an important mediator of breast cancer bone metastasis and a potential therapeutic target for treating this deadly disease. PMID: 24413988
36. BMP9 can regulate tumor growth of osteosarcoma cells through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. PMID: 24337584
37. results strongly suggest that Creld2 may be directly regulated by BMP9 and ER stress response may play an important role in regulating osteogenic differentiation PMID: 24019898
38. the cross-talk between EGF and BMP9 signalling pathways in mesenchymal stem cells may underline their important roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation. PMID: 23844832
39. ResultS suggest that BMP9 may inhibit the migration and invasiveness of Osteosarcoma cells through a Smad-dependent pathway by downregulating the expression and activity of MMP9. PMID: 23807047
40. BMP9 signaling may be relevant during hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. PMID: 23936038
41. We demonstrate a cross-talk between BMPs and CRYAB and a major effect of this regulatory interaction on resistance to apoptosis. PMID: 24072698
42. Mutations in BMP9 (also known as GDF2) were identified in three probands with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID: 23972370
43. BMP-9 was able to induce the phosphorylation of Smad-1/5/8 and ERK 1/2 proteins, but did not induce p38 phosphorylation. PMID: 23313128
44. the enhanced expression of BMP-9 in osteosarcoma cells by adBMP-9 exerted inhibitory effects on growth and migration of osteosarcoma cells possibly via blockade of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PMID: 22948234
45. BMP9 regulates the SDF1/CXCR4 axis in endothelial cells. BMP9 signaling via endoglin switches cells from an SDF1-responsive autocrine state to an SDF1-nonresponsive paracrine state repressing endothelial cell migration & promoting vessel maturation. PMID: 23018639
46. SNPs in the BMP9 gene appear to contribute to the risk of OPLL in association with certain clinical and demographic characteristics. PMID: 22829878
47. platelets regulate blood/lymphatic vessel separation by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of LECs, mainly because of the release of BMP-9 upon activation by CLEC-2/podoplanin in PMID: 22556408
48. data suggest that both the VEGF/VEGF receptor and the BMP9/ALK1 pathways are essential for stimulating angiogenesis, and targeting both pathways simultaneously may be an attractive strategy to overcome resistance to antiangiogenesis therapy PMID: 22493445
49. Mutual regulation by BMP-9 and CV2 is essential in regulating the development of the vascular endothelium. PMID: 22474252
50. Increased ET-1 production by endothelial cells as a consequence of BMPR II dysfunction may be clinically relevant in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID: 22299030

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HGNC: 4217

OMIM: 605120

KEGG: hsa:2658

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000249598

UniGene: Hs.279463