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  4. Recombinant Human Gremlin-1 (GREM1)

Recombinant Human Gremlin-1 (GREM1)

  • 货号：
    CSB-YP009892HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Yeast
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-EP009892HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    E.coli
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-EP009892HU-B
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    E.coli
  • 共轭：
    Avi-tag Biotinylated

    E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) is highly specific in covalently attaching biotin to the 15 amino acid AviTag peptide. This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag.

  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-BP009892HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Baculovirus
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-MP009892HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Mammalian cell
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 纯度：
    >85% (SDS-PAGE)
  • 基因名：
    GREM1
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 别名：
    BMP antagonist 1; Cell proliferation inducing gene 2 protein; Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein; CKTSF1B1; colorectal adenoma and carcinoma 1; Cysteine knot superfamily 1; Cysteine knot superfamily 1; BMP antagonist 1; Cysteine knot superfamily BMP antagonist 1; DAN domain family member 2; DAND2; Down regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; DRM; grem1; GREM1_HUMAN; Gremlin 1 homolog; cysteine knot superfamily; Gremlin 1 like protein; Gremlin 1; cysteine knot superfamily; homolog; GREMLIN; Gremlin-1; Gremlin1; IHG-2; IHG2; Increased in high glucose 2; Increased in high glucose protein 2; PIG2; Proliferation inducing gene 2; proliferation inducing gene 2 protein
  • 种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 蛋白长度：
    Full Length of Mature Protein
  • 表达区域：
    25-184
  • 氨基酸序列
    KKKGSQ GAIPPPDKAQ HNDSEQTQSP QQPGSRNRGR GQGRGTAMPG EEVLESSQEA LHVTERKYLK RDWCKTQPLK QTIHEEGCNS RTIINRFCYG QCNSFYIPRH IRKEEGSFQS CSFCKPKKFT TMMVTLNCPE LQPPTKKKRV TRVKQCRCIS IDLD
  • 蛋白标签：
    Tag type will be determined during the manufacturing process.
    The tag type will be determined during production process. If you have specified tag type, please tell us and we will develop the specified tag preferentially.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Lyophilized powder
    Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
  • 复溶：
    We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
  • 储存条件：
    Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 保质期：
    The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
    Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
  • 货期：
    Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
    Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
  • 注意事项：
    Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
  • Datasheet ：
    Please contact us to get it.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. the GREM1rs1258763 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of non-syndromic orofacial cleft in the Chinese population. PMID: 29149498
    2. High gremlin1 expression is associated with gastric cancer. PMID: 29396725
    3. study suggested that GREM1 delivered by MSCs promoted EMT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, which is partly through TGF-beta/BMP signaling pathway. PMID: 29953975
    4. COX-2, GREM1, and HAS2 are cumulus cell genes that potentially determine oocyte and embryo developmental competence. (Review) PMID: 29537212
    5. Results indicate that Gremlin1 could be involved in gastric cancer (GC) progression and may be a good marker of long-term survival in GC. PMID: 29491067
    6. We conclude that gremlin promotes RPE cell proliferation, migration and VEGF production possibly via activating VEGFR2-Akt-mTORC2 signaling. Gremlin could be a novel therapeutic target of ROP or other retinal vasoproliferation diseases. PMID: 27894090
    7. Platelet derived Gremlin-1 might contribute to the elevated circulating levels of Gremlin-1 in acute coronary syndromes and serve as a thrombo-inflammatory mediator in cardiovascular pathophysiologies. PMID: 27929199
    8. gremlin protects skin cells from UV damages via activating VEGFR2-Nrf2 signaling PMID: 27713170
    9. Gene duplication upstream of GREM1 was screened for in all sixty-five SPS individuals with no carriers being identified. PMID: 23805267
    10. Nox1-SHH-Grem1 signaling axis in pulmonary vascular endothelium that is likely to contribute to Pulmonary hypertension. PMID: 28522681
    11. GREM1 plays an important role in the development of glioma, and it may serve as a potential target in glioma therapy. PMID: 27862197
    12. Describe a hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome in which is characterized by SCG5-GREM1 duplication. PMID: 27984123
    13. GREM1 is frequently expressed by myofibroblasts in scars or in the stroma of basal cell carcinomas, suggesting that GREM1 expression can be a marker for activated myofibroblasts in the cancer stroma or in scar tissue. PMID: 28346486
    14. Clinical features of hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome caused by GREM1 gene duplication include extracolonic tumors, onset of polyps in adolescence, and rapid progression of some polyps to advanced adenomas. PMID: 28242209
    15. In human Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis patient samples the study established a strong negative correlation in the mRNA expression levels of gremlin-1 and CXCL10. The results suggest that in addition to regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk during tissue injury, gremlin-1 modulates inflammatory cell recruitment and anti-fibrotic chemokine production in the lung. PMID: 27428020
    16. Gremlin1 protein expression in colorectal cancer associates with low tumour stage and extended survival independently of tumour stage, suggesting that it represents a relevant prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer PMID: 27257976
    17. The results suggest that inhibition of BMP-2 by Gremlin-1 occurs by a mechanism that is distinct from other known inhibitors such as Noggin and Chordin and study propose a novel model of BMP-2-Gremlin-1 interaction yet not seen among any BMP antagonists, and cannot rule out that several different oligomeric states could be found, depending on the concentration of the two proteins. PMID: 27036124
    18. Gremlin1 inhibited the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the suppression of gremlin1 expression can increase the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs induced by BMP-2. PMID: 28260028
    19. overexpression of GREM1 in mesenchymal stem cells have greater therapeutic effects against ischemia. PMID: 27579673
    20. Colorectal neoplasms are frequently accompanied by GERM1-expressing fibroblasts, which are closely associated with low lymphovascular invasion and a better prognosis. PMID: 28041973
    21. Diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome show increased levels of Gremlin-1 and MIF, leading to unfavorable Gremlin-1/MIF ratios. However, DM2 alone is not associated with low Gremlin-1/MIF ratios. PMID: 27101443
    22. The critical element of the Gremlin-1 molecule for regulating MIF-induced chemotactic activity lies at the C-terminal region. A single amino acid exchange of an arginine to an alanine residue is sufficient to abolish the antagonistic effect of Gremlin-1 on MIF. The Gremlin-1 mutant R172A failed to reduce MIF-induced monocyte differentiation into macrophages. PMID: 26872252
    23. Study identified a high penetrant duplication in the regulatory region of GREM1, predisposing to colorectal cancer (CRC) in a family with attenuated/ atypical polyposis. A POLE variant was also identified in a patient with early onset CRC. PMID: 26493165
    24. Results found that high mRNA expression level of Gremlin 1 was an independent poor prognostic factor for cervical neoplasm. it is suggested that Gremlin 1 may have a role in clinical recurrence and maintaining cancer stem cell-like properties. PMID: 26530461
    25. our data suggest that the closely located GREM1 gene contributes to a rare clinical Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts entity PMID: 26968009
    26. results might suggest that variants influencing GREM1 expression levels, rather than variants affecting the function of the encoded protein, are significant factors in NSCL/P etiology. PMID: 26043427
    27. Gremlin is a key pro-fibrogenic factor in chronic pancreatitis PMID: 26141517
    28. Gremlin1 and chronic pancreatitis: a new clinical target and biomarker PMID: 26311241
    29. Data suggest that the hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) 40 kb duplication upstream of the gremlin 1 protein (GREM1) gene is present at low rates in Jewish Ashkenazi individuals of a familial predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). PMID: 25992589
    30. Gremlin-1 plasma levels of Loeys-Dietz syndrome patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy control subjects. PMID: 25116393
    31. transgenic mice overexpressing Gremlin in renal tubules develop greater glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in response to diabetic-mediated damage PMID: 26155842
    32. Results demonstrated that miR-27b targets Gremlin 1, and that this regulation likely represents an important control point in fi brotic pathways. PMID: 24633904
    33. Gremlin/VEGFR2 axis participates in renal inflammation and could be a novel target for kidney disease. PMID: 25810250
    34. macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its inhibitor Gremlin-1 have roles in coronary artery disease PMID: 25463068
    35. These results also suggest that Gremlin1 (and possibly its mimetics that may be developed for therapeutic use) may not adversely affect normal human hematopoietic stem cell survival, though they may reduce their myelopoietic potential PMID: 25130431
    36. GREM1 induces fibrosis and angiogenesis in mouse peritoneum and is associated with increased solute transport in peritoneal dialysis patients. PMID: 25194662
    37. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs16969681 influences colorectal cancer risk through effects on Wnt-driven GREM1 expression in colorectal tumors. PMID: 25131200
    38. Gremlin1 preferentially binds to BMP-2 and BMP-4 over BMP-7. PMID: 25378054
    39. the in vivo role of gremlin in kidney pathophysiology PMID: 25036148
    40. we show that epithelial expression of GREM1 also occurs in traditional serrated adenomas, sporadic premalignant lesions with a hitherto unknown pathogenesis, and these lesions can be considered the sporadic equivalents of HMPS polyps. PMID: 25419707
    41. Gremlin could participate in renal fibrosis by inducing EMT in tubular epithelial cells through activation of Smad pathway and induction of TGF-b PMID: 24949470
    42. The results support the hypothesis that GREM1 at chromosome 15q13 is the causal gene for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. PMID: 24706492
    43. our findings suggest that CRAC1 is unlikely to be implicated in the development of colorectal cancer in general or, if involved, it is through small somatic mutations or other loss of function mechanisms rather than allele loss. PMID: 12885466
    44. Study mapped a high-penetrance gene (CRAC1; also known as HMPS) associated with colorectal cancer in the Ashkenazi population to a 0.6-Mb region on chromosome 15. PMID: 18084292
    45. None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms studied in SMAD7, GREM1 or CRAC1 were associated with breast cancer risk in our study PMID: 19505925
    46. TGF-beta2, CTGF and gremlin are all involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis via activation of Smad signaling pathway in lens epithelial cells. PMID: 24755068
    47. establishes CSC-derived Gremlin1 as a driving force in maintaining glioblastoma tumor proliferation and glioblastoma hierarchies through the modulation of endogenous prodifferentiation signals PMID: 24788093
    48. Gremlin-1 correlates with degree of myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction and is an independent predictor of adverse outcome in patients with nonischemic heart failure. PMID: 24125106
    49. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans signaling drives a STAT3-dependent pathway that leads to hyperactive transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promoting SMAD3 activation and fibrosis via Gremlin protein. PMID: 24550394
    50. Enrichment map profiling of the cancer invasion front suggests regulation of colorectal cancer progression by the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, gremlin-1. PMID: 23659962

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  • 相关疾病：
    Polyposis syndrome, mixed hereditary 1 (HMPS1)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Secreted.
  • 蛋白家族：
    DAN family
  • 组织特异性：
    Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Expression is restricted to intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) at the crypt base. In subjects with HMPS1, by contrast, GREM1 is expressed, not only in basal ISEMFs, but also at very
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 2001

    OMIM: 601228

    KEGG: hsa:26585

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000300177

    UniGene: Hs.40098