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  4. Recombinant Human Grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog (GRHL2)

Recombinant Human Grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog (GRHL2)

  • 货号：
    CSB-YP750350HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Yeast
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-EP750350HU-B
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    E.coli
  • 共轭：
    Avi-tag Biotinylated

    E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) is highly specific in covalently attaching biotin to the 15 amino acid AviTag peptide. This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag.

  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-BP750350HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Baculovirus
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-MP750350HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Mammalian cell
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 纯度：
    >85% (SDS-PAGE)
  • 基因名：
    GRHL2
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 别名：
    BOM; Brother of mammalian grainyhead; Deafness autosomal dominant 28; DFNA28; ECTDS; FLJ11172; FLJ13782; Grainyhead like 2 (Drosophila); Grainyhead like 2; Grainyhead like protein 2 homolog; Grainyhead like transcription factor 2; Grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog; GRHL 2; GRHL2; GRHL2_HUMAN; MGC149294; MGC149295; RGD1561191; TFCP2L3; Transcription factor CP2 like 3; Transcription factor CP2-like 3
  • 种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 蛋白长度：
    full length protein
  • 表达区域：
    1-625
  • 氨基酸序列
    MSQESDNNKR LVALVPMPSD PPFNTRRAYT SEDEAWKSYL ENPLTAATKA MMSINGDEDS AAALGLLYDY YKVPRDKRLL SVSKASDSQE DQEKRNCLGT SEAQSNLSGG ENRVQVLKTV PVNLSLNQDH LENSKREQYS ISFPESSAII PVSGITVVKA EDFTPVFMAP PVHYPRGDGE EQRVVIFEQT QYDVPSLATH SAYLKDDQRS TPDSTYSESF KDAATEKFRS ASVGAEEYMY DQTSSGTFQY TLEATKSLRQ KQGEGPMTYL NKGQFYAITL SETGDNKCFR HPISKVRSVV MVVFSEDKNR DEQLKYWKYW HSRQHTAKQR VLDIADYKES FNTIGNIEEI AYNAVSFTWD VNEEAKIFIT VNCLSTDFSS QKGVKGLPLM IQIDTYSYNN RSNKPIHRAY CQIKVFCDKG AERKIRDEER KQNRKKGKGQ ASQTQCNSSS DGKLAAIPLQ KKSDITYFKT MPDLHSQPVL FIPDVHFANL QRTGQVYYNT DDEREGGSVL VKRMFRPMEE EFGPVPSKQM KEEGTKRVLL YVRKETDDVF DALMLKSPTV KGLMEAISEK YGLPVEKIAK LYKKSKKGIL VNMDDNIIEH YSNEDTFILN MESMVEGFKV TLMEI
  • 蛋白标签：
    Tag type will be determined during the manufacturing process.
    The tag type will be determined during production process. If you have specified tag type, please tell us and we will develop the specified tag preferentially.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Lyophilized powder
    Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
  • 复溶：
    We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
  • 储存条件：
    Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 保质期：
    The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
    Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
  • 货期：
    Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
    Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
  • 注意事项：
    Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
  • Datasheet ：
    Please contact us to get it.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Transcription factor playing an important role in primary neurulation and in epithelial development. Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-AACCGGTT-3' acting as an activator and repressor on distinct target genes. During embryogenesis, plays unique and cooperative roles with GRHL3 in establishing distinct zones of primary neurulation. Essential for closure 3 (rostral end of the forebrain), functions cooperatively with GRHL3 in closure 2 (forebrain/midbrain boundary) and posterior neuropore closure. Regulates epithelial morphogenesis acting as a target gene-associated transcriptional activator of apical junctional complex components. Up-regulates of CLDN3 and CLDN4, as well as of RAB25, which increases the CLDN4 protein and its localization at tight junctions. Comprises an essential component of the transcriptional machinery that establishes appropriate expression levels of CLDN4 and CDH1 in different types of epithelia. Exhibits functional redundancy with GRHL3 in epidermal morphogenetic events and epidermal wound repair. In lung, forms a regulatory loop with NKX2-1 that coordinates lung epithelial cell morphogenesis and differentiation. In keratinocytes, plays a role in telomerase activation during cellular proliferation, regulates TERT expression by binding to TERT promoter region and inhibiting DNA methylation at the 5'-CpG island, possibly by interfering with DNMT1 enzyme activity. In addition, impairs keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal function by inhibiting the expression of genes clustered at the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) as well as GRHL1 and GRHL3 through epigenetic mechanisms.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. Whole-genome sequencing identified a unique variant (c.20+544G>T) within an intronic regulatory region of GRHL2. PMID: 29499165
    2. GRHL2 gene may have a role in orbital innervations and the defect in this gene (deletion) may be related to the Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1 phenotype. PMID: 29110737
    3. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that GRHL2 has a functional role in the regulation of epithelial plasticity of PDAC cells. PMID: 28960866
    4. data analysis and modeling results highlight the relationships among multiple crucial Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition /Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition drivers including ZEB1, GRHL2, CD24, and ESRP1, particularly in basal-like breast cancers, which are most similar to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and are considered the most dangerous subtype PMID: 28266048
    5. Data indicate a 'phenotypic stability factors' (PSFs) such as GRHL2 that couple to the core epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) decision-making circuit (miR-200/ZEB) and stabilize hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (hybrid E/M) E/M phenotype. PMID: 27008704
    6. Silencing of GRHL2 expression in non-tumorigenic kidney cell line results in increased cell proliferation, increased resistance to apoptosis, as well as changes in the levels of selected proteins involved in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). These changes support the potential role for GRHL2 as a suppressor of ccRCC. PMID: 28543713
    7. Results demonstrate a mechanistic role for GRHL2 in promoting anoikis through metabolic alterations. PMID: 27084311
    8. GRHL2 maintained AR expression in multiple prostate cancer model systems, was required for cell proliferation, enhanced AR's transcriptional activity, and colocated with AR at specific sites on chromatin to regulate genes relevant to disease progression. PMID: 28473532
    9. Studies indicate that Grainyhead-like transcription factor 2 (GRHL2) controls the expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) required for adherens junctions and possibly regulates the expression of claudin-4 (CLDN4) in tight junctions. PMID: 28636799
    10. results indicated GRHL2 might be a noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) susceptibility gene, but the effect of POU4F3 on NIHL could only be detected when taking noise exposure into account and their effects were enhanced by higher levels of noise exposure PMID: 27271650
    11. These data are indicative for a strong oncogenic potential of the GRHL2 gene in epithelial ovarian cancer cells displaying either epithelial (A2780s) or mesenchymal (SKOV3) phenotypes. PMID: 28278050
    12. In this review, we summarized recent progress on grainyhead-like 2 in development and cancer in order to get an insight into the regulation network of grainyhead-like 2 and understand the roles of grainyhead-like 2 in various cancers. PMID: 28459369
    13. A loss or strong reduction in GRHL2 expression appears to be a characteristic of cervical cancer, suggesting that GRHL2 down-regulation is a necessary step during cervical carcinogenesis. PMID: 25550776
    14. In skin from psoriasis patients, the effect of miR-194 on cell proliferation and differentiation was significantly reversed by overexpression of GRHL2. Moreover, the expression of miR-194 and GRHL2 was inversely correlated in psoriasis lesional skin. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-194 inhibits the proliferation and promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes through targeting GRHL2. PMID: 28040329
    15. A novel connection between GRHL2 and miR-200 in oral cancer.Grainyhead-like 2 regulates epithelial plasticity and stemness in oral cancer cells. PMID: 26933170
    16. GRHL2 genetic polymorphisms, rs611419 and rs10955255, have a protective role against sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) and reduce the risk of SSHL. However, rs6989650 is not associated with SSHL. PMID: 26847018
    17. This study showed that Mendelian sensorineural hearing loss exhibits vestibular dysfunction, including DFNA9, DFNA11, DFNA15 and DFNA28. PMID: 27083884
    18. study demonstrates that loss of GRHL2 increases the levels of histone mark H3K27me3 on promoters and GRHL2-binding sites at miR-200b/a and E-cadherin genes. These findings support GRHL2 as a pivotal gatekeeper of EMT in EOC via miR-200-ZEB1. PMID: 26887977
    19. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for miR-217 in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation, partially through the regulation of GRHL2. PMID: 26826389
    20. Genetic variations in the EYA4, GRHL2 and DFNA5 genes and their interactions with occupational noise exposure may play an important role in the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). PMID: 26400775
    21. The p63 gene is regulated by GRHL2 through reciprocal feedback and determines the epithelial phenotype in human keratinocytes. PMID: 26085095
    22. A Grhl2-dependent gene network controls trophoblast branching morphogenesis. PMID: 25758223
    23. has identified ZEB1 as a target of GRHL2 and suggested a reciprocal GRHL2-ZEB1 repressive relationship, providing a novel mechanism through which proliferation may be modulated in colorectal cancer cells. PMID: 24756066
    24. Mutations in GRHL2 result in an autosomal-recessive ectodermal Dysplasia syndrome. PMID: 25152456
    25. Over-expression of Grhl2 decreased c-Myc and Bcl-2 protein expression level. PMID: 24068586
    26. These findings indicate that GRHL2 may be a noise-induced hearing loss susceptibility gene and that polymorphisms of GRLH2 may contribute to the etiology of noise-induced hearing loss. PMID: 24131873
    27. expression of GRHL2 is directly suppressed by the ZEB1, which in turn is a direct target for repression by GRHL2, suggesting that the EMT transcription factors GRHL2 and ZEB1 form a double negative regulatory feedback loop PMID: 23814079
    28. Frameshift mutation in GRHL2 is associated with autosomal-dominant deafness. PMID: 23813623
    29. GRHL2 plays a key role in regulating many physiological functions of human airway epithelium, including those involving cell morphogenesis, adhesion, and motility. PMID: 23690579
    30. Grhl2 plays an essential role in the determination of epithelial phenotype of breast cancers, EMT and tumor progression PMID: 23284647
    31. GRHL2 impairs keratinocyte differentiation through transcriptional inhibition of the genes clustered at the epidermal differentiation complex. PMID: 23254293
    32. Findings define a major role for GRHL2 in the suppression of oncogenic EMT in breast cancer cells. PMID: 22379025
    33. GRHL2 suppresses death-receptor expression. PMID: 21949371
    34. No positive association was found between GRHL2 polymorphisms and age-related hearing impairment in Han Chinese individuals. PMID: 21557239
    35. GRHL2 regulates the hTERT expression through an epigenetic mechanism and controls the cellular life span. PMID: 20938050
    36. Grhl2 expression in human tissue samples, including adult kidney, embryonic kidney, renal cell carcinomas and Wilms tumors was highly correlated with E-cadherin expression PMID: 20978075
    37. Fine mapping demonstrated that the majority of the associated SNPs reside in intron 1 of GRHL2 gene; the causative variant may change the expression levels of a GRHL2 isoform. PMID: 17921507
    38. a gain of GRHL2 in 8q22.3 was associated with early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, controlling for clinical parameters PMID: 18752864
    39. Regulation of the hTERT promoter activity by MSH2, the hnRNPs K and D, and GRHL2 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. PMID: 19015635

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  • 相关疾病：
    Deafness, autosomal dominant, 28 (DFNA28); Ectodermal dysplasia/short stature syndrome (ECTDS)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Nucleus. Membrane.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Grh/CP2 family, Grainyhead subfamily
  • 组织特异性：
    Expressed in keratinocytes (at protein level). Highly expressed in placenta, prostate, brain and kidney. Lower-level expression in a variety of epithelial tissues such as thymus, lung, salivary gland, mammary gland and digestive tract. Expressed in the co
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 2799

    OMIM: 608576

    KEGG: hsa:79977

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000251808

    UniGene: Hs.661088