Recombinant Human Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)

1. The genetic variability of GIP gene is associated with coronary artery disease and it may play a role in the premature coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population with type 2 diabetes. PMID: 29765988
2. The ability of a truncated form of GIP, GIP(3-30)NH2, to antagonize the physiological actions of GIP in glucose metabolism, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue blood flow, and lipid metabolism in humans. PMID: 28667118
3. GIP and PP plasma concentrations are lower in pancreatic cancer irrespective of the degree of glucose intolerance as compared to Type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls. PMID: 28027898
4. Evening postprandial insulin and GIP responses and insulin resistance declined by over 30% after three meals that limited daily carbohydrate intake to 30% compared to no such changes after three 60%-carbohydrate meals, an effect that was independent of pre-meal exercise. PMID: 27798656
5. the stimulatory effect of IGF-1 on GIP promoter support the hypothesis of a functional growth hormone-igf-1-GIP axis PMID: 28179449
6. decreased maternal 25OHD may be associated with decreased cord 25OHD and increased cord GLP-1 and GIP levels, which may be involved with the transfer of maternal glucose to the fetus PMID: 26650343
7. Excess androgen activity might be a factor contributing to alter secretion of incretins in lean polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. However it could not be ruled out that it is also possible that increased GIP levels might induce hyperandrogenemia in PCOS. PMID: 26895276
8. Our results might indicate an altered DPP4-incretin system and altered immunoregulation including a potentially dysfunctional GLP1(9)(-)(36) signaling in T1DM. PMID: 26434625
9. Fasting GIP concentrations are higher in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke) when compared with control subjects. PMID: 26395740
10. Data suggest that high levels of blood glucose or AGEs (advanced glycation end products), as seen in hyperglycemia, reduce secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells via antagonism of GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide)/GIP receptor signaling. PMID: 26221611
11. Data confirm that postprandial plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and insulin (INS) are responsive to glycemic index of foods consumed; glycemic index of breakfast cereals regulate plasma postprandial GIP and INS. PMID: 25852025
12. irisin and GIP might contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome and may also represent novel polycystic ovary syndrome biomarkers PMID: 25029417
13. Data suggest that postprandial blood levels of both GIP and insulin can be regulated by diet; here, inclusion of nopal/Opuntia/cactus (a functional food in traditional Mexican medicine) in breakfast reduces postprandial levels of GIP and insulin. PMID: 25132122
14. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma has a role in insulin secretion induced by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide PMID: 25288806
15. These novel results support the notion that the GIP-GIPR axis plays a role in the etiology of central obesity in humans PMID: 25324507
16. Data from studies in healthy Japanese men suggest that plasma GIP levels in postprandial period are dose dependently increased by fat content of meals of ordinary size, despite the amount of additional fat being relatively small. PMID: 24507870
17. Patients with idiopathic gastroparesis exhibit abnormal GIP levels. PMID: 23663508
18. Beta cell connectedness is an inherent property of human islets that is likely to influence incretin-potentiated insulin secretion. PMID: 24018562
19. Data suggest that postprandial plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) are increased after consumption of buckwheat crackers versus rice crackers in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. PMID: 23485142
20. GIP induces an inflammatory and prolipolytic response via the PKA -NF-kappaB-IL-1 pathway and impairs insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in human adipocytes. PMID: 23092914
21. results indicate postprandial GIP secretion in early-phase after test meal in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was positively correlated with BMI, but not those with type 1 diabetes PMID: 22301939
22. Hyperinsulinemia subjects with metabolic syndrome showed increased GIP secretion that could be responsible for the delayed glucagon suppression. PMID: 22391044
23. Data suggest that reduced insulinotropic effect of GIP or GLP-1 (as in type 2 diabetes) can be induced in healthy subjects; this indicates that reduced incretin stimulation of insulin secretion results from insulin resistance/glucose intolerance. PMID: 22319034
24. GIP reduces free fatty acid release from adipose tissue by inhibition of lipolysis or by increased reesterification. PMID: 22179810
25. may have a pro-obesogenic action [review] PMID: 21815989
26. Studies identified some potentially important additional C-terminal interactions of GIP with its N-terminal extracellular receptor domain. PMID: 21539943
27. We report that the human GIP locus was differentially selected in East Asians about 8100 years ago based on the analysis of a nonsynonymous SNP (rs2291725). PMID: 20978139
28. GLP-2, but not GIP, was found to stimulate the release of glucagon in patients with T1DM, suggesting a role for GLP-2 in the postprandial hyperglucagonaemia characterising individuals with T1DM PMID: 20580750
29. These results suggest that Tyr/His(1) and Ile/Thr(7) of GIP/GLP-1 peptides confer differential ligand selectivity toward GIPR and GLP1R. PMID: 20799012
30. We demonstrate for the first time that changes in insulin secretion after lifestyle intervention may be mediated via alterations in GIP secretion from intestinal K-cells PMID: 20200305
31. No statistically significant association was observed between any of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of GIP analysed and type 2 diabetes in our population. PMID: 20673334
32. GIP is expressed in and secreted from pancreatic islets and promotes islet glucose competence and also could support islet development and/or survival. PMID: 20138041
33. a binding mode of GIP to GIPR in which the N-terminal moiety of GIP was sited within transmembrane helices (TMH) 2, 3, 5, and 6 with biologically crucial Tyr1 interacting with Gln224 (TMH3), Arg300 (TMH5), and Phe357 (TMH6). PMID: 20061446
34. Substitution of Glu(3) in GIP with proline produces a novel dipeptidylpeptidase IV-resistant GIP antagonist which inhibits GIP-induced cAMP generation and insulin secretion with high sensitivity and specificity in vitro. PMID: 11820780
35. activates the Raf-Mek1/2-ERK1/2 module via a cyclic AMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase/Rap1-mediated pathway PMID: 12138104
36. Mutation in promoter region of gip receptor gene are unlikely to underlie GIP-dependent Cushing syndrome. PMID: 12530694
37. Elevated plasma GIP levels are correlated with hyperinsulinemia in the impaired glucose-tolerant state, whereas type 2 diabetes is associated with a failure to secrete adequate amounts of GIP. PMID: 15220248
38. bombesin and nutrients additively stimulate GIP release from GIP/Ins cells. PMID: 15383372
39. Results describe the solution structure of GIP(1-30)amide, the major biologically active fragment of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. PMID: 15522230
40. GIP augments glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and acts as an endogenous inhibitor of gastric acid secretion--REVIEW PMID: 15533777
41. GIP stimulates insulin secretion by potentiating events underlying membrane depolarization and exerting direct effects on exocytosis. PMID: 15955806
42. The relationship between insulin resistance and the insulin secretion to GIP suggests that beta cell secretory function in response to different stimuli increases adaptively when insulin sensitivity is diminished, as in gestational diabetes. PMID: 16010522
43. GIP is rapidly degraded into inactive metabolites by the enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV. (review) PMID: 16142014
44. protein kinase B, LKB1, and AMP-activated protein kinase have roles in activation of lipoprotein lipase by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in adipocytes PMID: 17244606
45. study identified a splice site mutation of the Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) gene which results in a truncated protein and provides evidence for association of GIP receptor genotype with cardiovascular disease PMID: 17624916
46. physiologic role for GIP in lipid homeostasis and possibly in the pathogenesis of obesity. PMID: 18054552
47. concomitant expression of Pax6 and Pdx1 is important for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide expression PMID: 18593849
48. GIP secretion is blunted after the biliopancreatic diversion only in diabetic patients, suggesting a role in insulin resistance and diabetes. PMID: 19229515
49. GIP may mediate the attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin response after exercise/diet interventions PMID: 19351807
50. Inhibition of apoptosis by GIP is mediated via a key pathway involving Akt-dependent inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, which subsequently prevents the pro-apoptotic actions of p38 MAPK and JNK. PMID: 19748889

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HGNC: 4270

OMIM: 137240

KEGG: hsa:2695

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000350005

UniGene: Hs.1454