Recombinant Human Elafin (PI3)

1. Elafin decreased in active patients with inflammatory bowel disease and was negatively correlated with disease activity, suggesting that elafin may play a protective role PMID: 29084078
2. Plasma Neutrophil Elastase and Elafin as Prognostic Biomarker for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome PMID: 28187039
3. UV phototoxicity-induced pre-elafin inside keratinocytes prior to cornified envelope formation could be involved in UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis via cystatin-A downregulation resulting in pro-caspase-3 activation. PMID: 28119996
4. Recombinant human elafin promotes alveologenesis in newborn mice exposed to chronic hyperoxia PMID: 28802561
5. significantly higher expression in preterm prelabor ruptured fetal membranes than in membranes from term birth PMID: 27580179
6. Our study revealed that high elafin levels identified in smoking- and asthma-related microarray data sets and an epidemiologic study significantly reduced the risk of asthma. PMID: 26932165
7. The expression of elafin in fallopian tubes of ectopic pregnancies is reduced. PMID: 25356943
8. The elevations in cervical elafin and SLPI expression in the women with preterm delivery might reflect the local response to the pathogen invasion into the cervix preceding preterm labor. PMID: 25559229
9. PI3 expression was downregulated in 24% of DCIS and 83% of invasive breast tumors. PI3 was also downregulated in 33% of ovarian cystadenomas, 43% of borderline ovarian tumors, and 86% of invasive ovarian carcinomas. PMID: 25551582
10. The imbalance between neutrophil elastase and its inhibitors, such as elafin, presents an important therapeutic target in breast cancer. PMID: 25195861
11. Higher urinary elafin levels are associated with an increased risk of micro- and macroalbuminuria, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and death after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PMID: 25388519
12. cutaneous elafin does not seem to discriminate acute graft-versus-host disease from drug hypersensitivity rash lesions, but there may be an association between cutaneous elafin expression and poor prognosis for patients with cutaneous GVHD PMID: 25405322
13. Data indicate that elafin overexpression is associated with poor overall survival. PMID: 24469047
14. Low expression of elafin gene correlated with significantly reduced time to relapse, and when combined with high expression of elastase gene was associated with decreased survival in breast cancer patients PMID: 23320734
15. Elafin has important roles in normal homoeostasis and at sites of inflammation. These roles include antiprotease and antimicrobial activity. PMID: 19906197
16. Results confirm the association between SNP rs2664581 and enhanced risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. PMID: 24617927
17. Tubal epithelium from women with hydrosalpinx has lower levels of elafin expression. PMID: 23885101
18. Elafin expression in the small intestinal epithelium was lower in patients with active celiac disease compared with control patients. In vitro, elafin significantly slowed the kinetics of the deamidation of the 33-mer peptide to its more immunogenic form. PMID: 24710505
19. Production of HBD2 and elafin by vaginal epithelial cells is sensitive to E, suggesting that innate immune protection varies in the vagina across the menstrual cycle. PMID: 23398087
20. Elafin expression may establish the diagnosis of pre-engraftment syndrome and graft versus host disease. PMID: 23866880
21. Trappin-2 and elafin significantly reduce HSV-2 viral attachment to, and replication in genital epithelial cells. PMID: 23637403
22. The N-terminus of elafin is critical for intranuclear localization and anti-HIV-1 activity. PMID: 23300756
23. Studies indicate that Trappin-2/Elafin possessing anti-microbial properties against different classes of pathogens including viruses, fungi and bacteria. PMID: 22634606
24. The results suggest that decreased expression of elastin and LOX and increased expression of elafin in the cardinal ligaments may contribute to pelvic organ prolapse. PMID: 19087518
25. The endometrium of women with hydrosalpinx has an increased number of neutrophils and lower expression of elafin, an elastase inhibitor and natural antimicrobial molecule. PMID: 21392745
26. these results collectively suggest that, in melanoma cells, Foxa2 expression is silenced and therefore elafin is maintained unexpressed to facilitate cell proliferation in the disease melanoma. PMID: 21466784
27. ability to modulate the expression of some P.aeruginosa virulence factors PMID: 20932308
28. These results suggest that elafin can maintain airway epithelium integrity by protecting airway epithelial cells and enhancing the anti-inflammatory capability of airway. PMID: 19823954
29. increased production at the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle relative to the proliferative phase PMID: 19824918
30. Elafin has a role in graft-versus-host disease of the skin PMID: 20371463
31. Elafin may serve as a determinant of poor survival in serous ovarian carcinomas PMID: 20126474
32. Overexpression of elafin in epithelial cells attenuated the damage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. PMID: 19420899
33. Elafin is a component of cervicovaginal secretions in pregnancy, and levels are diminished in bacterial vaginosis. PMID: 19723838
34. Synthesized locally at mucosal sites. Efficiently inhibit target enzymes released into interstitium. Might be important in controlling excessive neutrophil elastase release in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. (review) PMID: 11667971
35. regulation of the elafin gene is dependent on chromatin structure in keratinocytes PMID: 12542536
36. results indicate that elafin may have a dual function, promoting up-regulation of local lung innate immunity while simultaneously down-regulating potentially unwanted systemic inflammatory responses in the circulation PMID: 12819058
37. elafin regulates proteolytic enzymes during menstruation and contributes to the innate defense against uterine infection PMID: 12970320
38. Serine elastase inhibition (elafin overexpression) appears to suppress inflammation, cardiac dilatation, and dysfunction after myocardial infarct. PMID: 14693682
39. Gene augmentation of human elafin suggests a novel and extended anti-inflammatory role for this human neutrophil elastase inhibitor working as an effector of innate immunity to protect tissues against maladaptive inflammatory responses. PMID: 15034071
40. The differential biological activity of elafin in different conditions suggests a role for this molecule in either LPS detoxification or activation of innate immune responses, depending on the external cellular environment. PMID: 15668324
41. Oxidized elafin poorly inhibits the elastolytic activity of leukocyte elastase and proteinase 3. PMID: 16279952
42. transglutaminase 2-mediated cross-linking of serine protease inhibitors elafin and trappin-2 to neutrophil serine proteinases preserves their inhibitory capacities PMID: 16300411
43. The pleiotropic molecule elafin has significant potential in modulating antigen-presenting cell numbers and activity, and could be beneficial in mucosal protective strategies. PMID: 16424380
44. The promoter sequences of PI3 have a high degree of variability. PMID: 16719916
45. beneficial effects of pre-elafin could be mediated, at least in part, by its ability to increase G-CSF levels in the lung PMID: 16913840
46. The transglutaminase substrate moiety of elafin plays an important role in anchoring elafin at its proper sites of action during UV-induced aging processes. PMID: 17139263
47. Levels of mRNA and immunostaining of the antiproteases elafin and SLPI were enhanced strongly in inflamed versus noninflamed UC. Elafin and SLPI may be added to the list of defensin-like peptides with diminished induction in CD versus UC. PMID: 17200145
48. full antipeptidase activity of pre-elafin is essential to protect against lung tissue lesions PMID: 17489739
49. This review focuses on recent findings revealing that elafin has many biological functions as diverse as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory functions. PMID: 17964057
50. We report here that pre-elafin inhibits a secreted peptidase to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in vitro. PMID: 18025118

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HGNC: 8947

OMIM: 182257

KEGG: hsa:5266

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000243924

UniGene: Hs.112341