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  4. Recombinant Human Autoimmune regulator (AIRE)

Recombinant Human Autoimmune regulator (AIRE)

  • 货号：
    CSB-YP001502HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Yeast
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-EP001502HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    E.coli
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-EP001502HU-B
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    E.coli
  • 共轭：
    Avi-tag Biotinylated

    E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) is highly specific in covalently attaching biotin to the 15 amino acid AviTag peptide. This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag.

  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-BP001502HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Baculovirus
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-MP001502HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Mammalian cell
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 纯度：
    >85% (SDS-PAGE)
  • 基因名：
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 别名：
    AIRE; AIRE_HUMAN; AIRE1; APECED; APECED protein; APS1; APSI; Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy protein; Autoimmune regulator; Autoimmune regulator protein; PGA1
  • 种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 蛋白长度：
    Full length protein
  • 表达区域：
    1-545
  • 氨基酸序列
    MATDAALRRL LRLHRTEIAV AVDSAFPLLH ALADHDVVPE DKFQETLHLK EKEGCPQAFH ALLSWLLTQD STAILDFWRV LFKDYNLERY GRLQPILDSF PKDVDLSQPR KGRKPPAVPK ALVPPPRLPT KRKASEEARA AAPAALTPRG TASPGSQLKA KPPKKPESSA EQQRLPLGNG IQTMSASVQR AVAMSSGDVP GARGAVEGIL IQQVFESGGS KKCIQVGGEF YTPSKFEDSG SGKNKARSSS GPKPLVRAKG AQGAAPGGGE ARLGQQGSVP APLALPSDPQ LHQKNEDECA VCRDGGELIC CDGCPRAFHL ACLSPPLREI PSGTWRCSSC LQATVQEVQP RAEEPRPQEP PVETPLPPGL RSAGEEVRGP PGEPLAGMDT TLVYKHLPAP PSAAPLPGLD SSALHPLLCV GPEGQQNLAP GARCGVCGDG TDVLRCTHCA AAFHWRCHFP AGTSRPGTGL RCRSCSGDVT PAPVEGVLAP SPARLAPGPA KDDTASHEPA LHRDDLESLL SEHTFDGILQ WAIQSMARPA APFPS
  • 蛋白标签：
    Tag type will be determined during the manufacturing process.
    The tag type will be determined during production process. If you have specified tag type, please tell us and we will develop the specified tag preferentially.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Lyophilized powder
    Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
  • 复溶：
    We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
  • 储存条件：
    Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 保质期：
    The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
    Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
  • 货期：
    Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
    Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
  • 注意事项：
    Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
  • Datasheet ：
    Please contact us to get it.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Transcription factor playing an essential role to promote self-tolerance in the thymus by regulating the expression of a wide array of self-antigens that have the commonality of being tissue-restricted in their expression pattern in the periphery, called tissue restricted antigens (TRA). Binds to G-doublets in an A/T-rich environment; the preferred motif is a tandem repeat of 5'-ATTGGTTA-3' combined with a 5'-TTATTA-3' box. Binds to nucleosomes. Binds to chromatin and interacts selectively with histone H3 that is not methylated at 'Lys-4', not phosphorylated at 'Thr-3' and not methylated at 'Arg-2'. Functions as a sensor of histone H3 modifications that are important for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Mainly expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), induces the expression of thousands of tissue-restricted proteins, which are presented on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II molecules to developing T-cells percolating through the thymic medulla. Also induces self-tolerance through other mechanisms such as the regulation of the mTEC differentiation program. Controls the medullary accumulation of thymic dendritic cells and the development of regulatory T-cell through the regulation of XCL1 expression. Regulates the production of CCR4 and CCR7 ligands in medullary thymic epithelial cells and alters the coordinated maturation and migration of thymocytes. In thimic B-cells, allows the presentation of licensing-dependent endogenous self-anitgen for negative selection. In secondary lymphoid organs, induces functional inactivation of CD4(+) T-cells. Expressed by a distinct bone marrow-derived population, induces self-tolerance through a mechanism that does not require regulatory T-cells and is resitant to innate inflammatory stimuli.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. this review shows the role of AIRE in peripheral tolerance PMID: 30255105
    2. AIRE contributes to autoimmunity in more common organ-specific autoimmune disorders than autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (Review) PMID: 27504588
    3. Rs3761389 variant is associated with the susceptibility of myasthenia gravis in Chinese patients. PMID: 28262400
    4. Our findings suggest that AIRE does not have a role in the induction and function of monocyte-derived tolerogenic DC in humans, but these findings do not exclude a role for AIRE in peripheral tolerance mediated by other cell types. PMID: 26912174
    5. Estrogen induces decreased thymic AIRE expression by epigenetic modifications through increased number of methylation sites within the AIRE promoter.[review] PMID: 28240208
    6. Whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing revealed that all three subjects affected by hypoparathyroidism were compound heterozygous for two previously reported mutations, c.967_979delCTGTCCCCTCCGC:p.(L323SfsX51) and c.995+(3_5)delGAGinsTAT, in AIRE, which encodes the autoimmune regulator protein that is defective in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). PMID: 28323927
    7. Aire exerts multi-faceted autoimmune control that extends to a population of innate-like T cells. PMID: 27851927
    8. Homozygote Mutation in the AIRE gene is associated with APECED syndrome. PMID: 28222032
    9. the presence of AIRE can trigger molecular events leading to an altered chromatin landscape and the enhanced transcription of low-expressed genes PMID: 28242760
    10. These data are the first to identify AIRE expression in breast cancer and an association with prognosis. PMID: 27753538
    11. AIRE, which is phosphorylated on two specific residues near its N terminus, then binds to the F-box protein 3 (FBXO3) E3 ubiquitin ligase. In turn, this SCF(FBXO3) (SKP1-CUL1-F box) complex ubiquitylates AIRE, increases its binding to the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), and potentiates its transcriptional activity. PMID: 27365398
    12. this paper shows that genetic polymorphisms in AIRE do not contribute to the Graves' disease in Spain PMID: 27266815
    13. This study supports the notion that AIRE mutation could specifically affect human insulin gene expression in thymic epithelial cells through INS-VNTR and subsequently induce either insulin tolerance or autoimmunity. PMID: 27048654
    14. androgen control of an intrathymic Aire-mediated tolerance mechanism contributes to gender differences in autoimmunity. PMID: 27072778
    15. results indicate that in females, estrogen induces epigenetic changes in the AIRE gene, leading to reduced AIRE expression under a threshold that increases female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. PMID: 26999605
    16. The rs2075876 and rs760426 loci of the AIRE gene are associated with increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis among ethnic Han Chinese from ShaanXi. PMID: 27264825
    17. The novel mutation of c.622G>T (p.G208W) in AIRE gene is associated autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type I. PMID: 26903062
    18. AIRE-655GAIRE-230T haplotype could dramatically alter AIRE transcription. PMID: 25978041
    19. In the current study, we demonstrate that AIRE activates the expression of transiently transfected luciferase reporters that lack defined promoter regions, as well as intron and poly(A) signal sequences. PMID: 26607109
    20. These results suggest that Aire expression is inherent to all medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) but may occur at particular stage(s) and/or cellular states during their differentiation, thus accounting for the broad impact of Aire on the promiscuous gene expression of mTECs. PMID: 26503950
    21. Keratopathy can be an early and severe manifestation of APS1, which contributes to the global prognosis of the disease. Its mechanisms remain to be elucidated. PMID: 26114819
    22. Molecular characterization of the functional domains of Aire has revealed multiple binding partners that assist Aire's function in altering gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. PMID: 26579596
    23. study identified a novel AIRE mutation which alters the intracellular location and transcription activity of AIRE, and has implications in the pathogenesis of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy PMID: 25064028
    24. genetic polymorphism is associated with development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis in China PMID: 25637666
    25. Data indicate that autoimmune regulator Aire mRNA transcripts are regulated in a keratin 17 (K17) dependent manner in skin tumor keratinocytes. PMID: 26168014
    26. The study reports a new homozygous splicing mutation in the AIRE intron 5 acceptor (c.653-1G>A, in two patients of a consanguineous Spanish family with different phenotypes of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. PMID: 24988226
    27. disease-causing mutations are more common than previously appreciated and cause more variable autoimmune phenotypes PMID: 26084028
    28. Deficiency of AIRE partner, PRKDC, can present as an inflammatory disease with organ-specific autoimmunity, suggesting a role for PRKDC in regulating autoimmune responses and maintaining AIRE-dependent tolerance in human subjects. PMID: 25842288
    29. The disease is caused by a homozygous mutation in the AIRE gene mapped to chromosome 21q22.1. PMID: 25367057
    30. Our findings suggest that the AIRE gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in the Spanish population PMID: 23320549
    31. a model in which lysines acetylation increases the stability of AIRE in the nucleus. PMID: 25158603
    32. Mutations in the AIRE gene is associated with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I. PMID: 24945421
    33. APECED was confirmed by molecular analysis of AIRE gene, which showed two mutations. PMID: 24703644
    34. The findings provide strong evidence for the fundamental role of AIRE and promiscuous gene expression, namely, central tolerance, in the predisposition to autoimmunity of Down syndrome individuals. PMID: 25217160
    35. the increased AIRE gene dose in DS could contribute to an autoimmune phenotype through multiple AIRE-mediated effects on homeostasis and function of thymic epithelial cells that affect thymic selection processes. PMID: 25038256
    36. AIRE rs2075876 and rs760426 polymorphisms were involved in the genetic background of rheumatoid arthritis in the Chinese population. PMID: 24170308
    37. these findings implicate AIRE in the promiscuous expression of thyroid proteins in fibrocytes. PMID: 24708100
    38. We demonstrated the importance of Aire's interaction with the ATF7ip-MBD1 protein complex in maintaining central tolerance PMID: 24464130
    39. Studies indicate that the plant homeodomain 2(PHD2) of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein plays a critical role in the activation of gene transcription. PMID: 24275490
    40. Eight patients were identified with APECED and all patients were found to be homozygous for the c.964dell3 mutation. A wide clinical variation is apparent within APECED syndrome. PMID: 23620608
    41. in patients with autoimmune non-APECED polyendocrinopathies, heterozygous mutations of the AIRE gene were not detected; however a trend of association was observed, heterozygous polymorphisms S278R and IVS9+6G>A were detected in patients without statistically significant prevalence than in controls PMID: 23643663
    42. it was concluded that miR-220b inhibited the AIRE gene translation through the 3'UTR region of AIRE gene, indicating that miR-220b could serve as a regulator for human AIRE gene translation. PMID: 23954874
    43. There are a limited number of cases linking autoimmune retinopathy with a mutation in the AIRE gene. PMID: 23697860
    44. These findings reveal a mutual interdependence of miRNA and Aire in the regulation of promiscuous gene expression in purified mouse and human thymic epithelial cells PMID: 23589212
    45. functional characterization of the alternatively spliced AIRE mutation that may explain the pathogenetic role in APS-1 PMID: 23342054
    46. Alterations of the autoimmune regulator transcription factor and failure of central tolerance: APECED as a model. PMID: 23256763
    47. AIRE gene mutations are associated with autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy in patients from Apulia and Sicily. PMID: 22104652
    48. [review] The C terminus of AIRE does not share obvious homology with functional domains in other proteins but is highly conserved between human and mouse AIRE proteins, serving as a transcriptional activation domain. PMID: 23456700
    49. Data indicate that PHD2 domain is required for Aire to interact with a subset of its partners PMID: 23319629
    50. Mutations in heterozygosity of the AIRE gene are not associated with major findings of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy (APECED), also known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. PMID: 22024611

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  • 相关疾病：
    Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1, with or without reversible metaphyseal dysplasia (APS1)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
  • 组织特异性：
    Widely expressed. Expressed at higher level in thymus (medullary epithelial cells and monocyte-dendritic cells), pancreas, adrenal cortex and testis. Expressed at lower level in the spleen, fetal liver and lymph nodes. In secondary lymphoid organs, expres
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 360

    OMIM: 109100

    KEGG: hsa:326

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000291582

    UniGene: Hs.129829