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  4. Cleaved-F2RL3 (G48) Antibody

Cleaved-F2RL3 (G48) Antibody

  • 货号：
    CSB-PA070199
  • 规格：
    ￥880
  • 图片：
    • Western Blot analysis of NIH-3T3 cells using Cleaved-PAR-4 (G48) Polyclonal Antibody
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • Uniprot No.：
    Q96RI0
  • 基因名：
  • 别名：
    F2RL3; PAR4; Proteinase-activated receptor 4; PAR-4; Coagulation factor II receptor-like 3; Thrombin receptor-like 3
  • 宿主：
    Rabbit
  • 反应种属：
    Human
  • 免疫原：
    Synthesized peptide derived from the N-terminal region of Human PAR-4.
  • 免疫原种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 标记方式：
    Non-conjugated
  • 抗体亚型：
    IgG
  • 纯化方式：
    The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
  • 浓度：
    It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
  • 保存缓冲液：
    Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Liquid
  • 应用范围：
    WB, ELISA
  • 推荐稀释比：
    Application Recommended Dilution
    WB 1:500-1:2000
    ELISA 1:5000
  • Protocols：
  • 储存条件：
    Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
  • 货期：
    Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Receptor for activated thrombin or trypsin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. May play a role in platelets activation.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. Data suggested that PAR4-AP-induced platelet reactivity between PAR4 rs773902 was associated with altered intensity of Ca(2+) mobilization and ERK activation. PMID: 29289806
    2. Thrombin binding to extra-cellular loop II (ECLII) of PAR4 is important for its cleavage and activation of PAR4. PMID: 28448853
    3. PAR4 has a role in mediating platelet aggregation; its blockade provides antithrombotic activity PMID: 28053157
    4. PAR4 is required for platelet procoagulant function during thrombus formation in human blood PMID: 26878340
    5. Prospective study demonstrated that AHRR and F2RL3 methylation levels had inverse relationships with self-reported smoking status and accurately discriminated for both current- and former- smoking. Moreover, methylation markers distinguished former smokers from never-smokers with high accuracy and significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. PMID: 28453567
    6. F2RL3 variants have the potential to markedly alter platelet PAR4 reactivity particularly after exposure to therapeutic PAR1 antagonists. PMID: 26966273
    7. these findings are the first to show that internalization of activated PAR4 is linked to proper ERK1/2 and Akt activation. PMID: 27402844
    8. an intracellular PAR4 C-terminal motif that regulates calcium signaling and beta-arrestin interactions, was identified. PMID: 28126849
    9. the contribution of PAR1 and PAR4 to thrombin-mediated activation of the platelet fibrin receptor (GPIIbIIIa), is reported. PMID: 27784794
    10. Suppression of PAR4 expression has no significant effect on the proliferation of SW620 cells, but can inhibit the migration of the cells. PMID: 27126938
    11. Both GPIbalpha and PAR4 are required for thrombin-induced reactive oxygen species formation in human platelets. PMID: 26569550
    12. Bladder PAR activation elicits urothelial MIF release and urothelial MIF receptor signaling at least partly through CXCR4 to result in abdominal hypersensitivity without overt bladder inflammation PMID: 26020638
    13. protease-activated receptor 4 and Trefoil factor 2 are expressed in human colorectal cancer PMID: 25876034
    14. The PAR4 expression and activation via intracellular signaling pathways and the role of PAR4 signaling pathways in the development and maintenance of pain. PMID: 25664811
    15. This review summarizes the roles of PAR4 in coagulation and other extracellular protease pathways. PMID: 25120239
    16. Findings suggested that F2RL3 methylation is a very strong predictor of lung cancer risk and mortality, particularly at older age. PMID: 25821117
    17. Lower F2RL3 methylation is a strong predictor of mortality, including all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and other mortality. Systemic adverse effects of smoking may be mediated by pathways associated with F2RL3 methylation. PMID: 24510982
    18. exosite II is critical for activation of PAR4. PMID: 24990072
    19. provide evidence against the hypothesis that PAR-1 and PAR-4 stimulation of platelets trigger differential release of alpha-granules PMID: 24776597
    20. Washed platelets from black volunteers were hyperaggregable in response to PAR4-mediated platelet stimulation compared with whites. PMID: 25278289
    21. PAR-4 appears to play a hitherto unsuspected role in diabetic vasculopathy. PMID: 25239438
    22. Quantitative trait locus analysis identified 3 common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PAR4 gene (F2RL3) associated with PAR4-induced platelet aggregation. Thr120 was more common in blacks than whites. PMID: 25293779
    23. PAR4-P2Y12 association supports arrestin-mediated sustained signaling to Akt. PMID: 24723492
    24. PAR4 and GPVI-mediated platelet reactivity involves 12-lipoxygenase PMID: 23784669
    25. Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein contributes to the racial difference in PAR4-mediated platelet activation. PMID: 24216752
    26. The F2RL3 rs773857 risk allele homozygotes are associated with risk for increased platelet count and hyperactivity. PMID: 22228373
    27. Stimulation of PAR4 on platelets leads to faster and more robust thrombin generation, compared to PAR-1 stimulation. PMID: 23307185
    28. The results seem to indicate methylation in F2RL3 to be a potential mediator of the detrimental impact of smoking and mortality in coronary heart disease PMID: 22511653
    29. PAR4 is down-regulated in the colonic mast cells of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. PMID: 22151913
    30. Novel role for proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in membrane trafficking of proteinase-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). PMID: 22411985
    31. mutations that disrupted dimer formation had reduced calcium mobilization in response to the PAR4 agonist peptide. PMID: 22318735
    32. PKC inhibition markedly enhances Ca2+ signaling and phosphatidylserine exposure downstream of protease-activated receptor-1 but not protease-activated receptor-4 in human platelets. PMID: 21649850
    33. down-regulation of PAR4 expression occurs frequently in gastric cancers and exhibits association with more aggressive gastric cancer PMID: 21635966
    34. The present study elucidates further differences in human platelet PAR signalling regulation and provides evidence for a cross-talk in which PAR4 signalling counteracts mechanisms involved in PAR1 signalling down-regulation. PMID: 21391917
    35. High glucose enhances smooth muscle cell responsiveness to thrombin through transcriptional upregulation of PAR-4, mediated via PKC and NFkappaB. PMID: 21164077
    36. Protease-activated receptor signaling in platelets activates cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha differently for cyclooxygenase-1 and 12-lipoxygenase catalysis. PMID: 21127289
    37. Results suggest that lower levels of protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 contribute to the poor thrombin induced aggregation observed with newborn platelets, which can not be compensated by higher levels of GPIbalpha. PMID: 20807173
    38. Low concentrations of alpha-thrombin accelerate tissue factor-induced thrombin generation on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells, and this effect is mediated by PAR-3 and PAR-4. PMID: 20930172
    39. Human cytomegalovirus induces PARs expression through transcriptional activation in endothelial cells, increasing sensitivity to thrombin. PMID: 20155436
    40. SPSB1 and SPSB4 bind strongly to both Par-4 and VASA peptides. PMID: 20561531
    41. Data show that PAR1 and PAR4-activating peptides were as effective as thrombin in inducing annexin V binding in combination with collagen-related peptide in diluted whole blood and platelet rich plasma, but not in washed platelets. PMID: 20230207
    42. Thrombin enhances the migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing MMP-2 and MMP-13 expression through the PAR/PLC/PKCalpha/c-Src/NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway. PMID: 20175118
    43. Complement protease MASP-1 activates human endothelial cells through PAR4 cleavage PMID: 19667088
    44. When expressed in respiratory epithelial cells and cell lines, protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4)induces the release of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2. PMID: 11907122
    45. Activation of platelets via the PAR4 pathway, by treatment with PAR4 agonist peptide AYPGKF, results in thrombin-induced thromboxane production by platelets. PMID: 12006403
    46. The signal from PAR4 stabilizes platelet-platelet aggregate formation in the absence of P2Y12 activation by ADP. PMID: 12008957
    47. PAR4 is activated independently of GPIbalpha and ADP PMID: 12871418
    48. Important role in regulation of thromboxane formation in platelets responding to thrombin through prolonged elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) and activation of phospholipase A(2). Can be activated by relatively low concentrations of thrombin in human platelets. PMID: 12888878
    49. Protease-activated receptor-4 exodomains utilize dual prolines and an anionic retention motif for thrombin recognition and cleavage. PMID: 13678420
    50. PAR-1 and PAR-4 have roles in activating GPIb translocation into the cytoskeleton in platelets PMID: 14521606

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  • 亚细胞定位：
    Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
  • 蛋白家族：
    G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
  • 组织特异性：
    Widely expressed, with highest levels in lung, pancreas, thyroid, testis and small intestine. Not expressed in brain, kidney, spinal cord and peripheral blood leukocytes. Also detected in platelets.
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 3540

    OMIM: 602779

    KEGG: hsa:9002

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000248076

    UniGene: Hs.137574