Rat toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ELISA Kit

Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL(-). Activated by the signaling pathway regulator NMI which acts as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in response to cell injury or pathogen invasion, therefore promoting nuclear factor NF-kappa-B activation.

1. These data suggest that targeting TLR TIR domains may provide novel pharmacological targets to reduce or reverse TLR4-dependent pain behavior in the rodent. PMID: 28623271
2. Chronic intermittent hypoxia causes pulmonary inflammatory response and the inflammatory pathway involved in TLR4 receptor may be one of the mechanisms that trigger lung inflammation. PMID: 30293084
3. TLR4 and NF-kappaB expression, and activation of NF-kappaB are inhibited by dexmedetomidine PMID: 29510084
4. Data show that the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway exerts effects on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins to initiate apoptosis. PMID: 28272417
5. miR-93-3p showed the protective effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TLR4 expression PMID: 30195636
6. the PI3K/Akt/TLR4 signaling pathway is associated with the antiinflammatory effects of erythropoietin. PMID: 29845292
7. TLR4 may stimulates synovial inflammatory reactions and increased expression of IL-1beta in rats through the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. PMID: 29944647
8. The TLR4/PKCalpha/occludin signaling pathway was closely related to blood-brain barrier damage. PMID: 29845266
9. Both pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockout of TLR4 completely abolished mesenteric lymph (ML) exosome-induced cytokine production in macrophages. Our findings define the critical role of exosomes secreted into ML as a critical mediator of trauma/hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury through macrophage TLR4 activation. PMID: 28855278
10. IL-33 may decrease the mortality and inhibit the systematic inflammatory response associated with A. baumannii pneumonia by suppressing TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling. PMID: 29508184
11. TLR4 knockdown ameliorated neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after traumatic brain injury through suppressing autophagy induction and astrocyte activation. PMID: 29222622
12. ES of the ear can successfully control epileptic seizures by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway. PMID: 29682548
13. Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides inhibits TLR4, attenuating hypersensitivity and modulating nociceptive pain. PMID: 29656686
14. isoquercetin ameliorated AMI through antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic factors, and regulation of the TLR4NFkappaB signaling pathway. Isoquercetin may therefore potentially exert a protective effect against AMI or other heart diseases. PMID: 29532872
15. Expression levels of SREBP1 and TLR4 were significantly deceased after EPA treatment. EPA can improve PCOS through the SREBP1/TLR4 pathway. PMID: 29627845
16. the results of the present study demonstrated that PHC may exert an antiinflammatory effect and attenuate THSinduced ALI by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. These preclinical findings may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to restrict TLR4 overactivation in ALI. PMID: 29488614
17. The combination of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Radix Paeoniae protects against focal cerebral ischaemia via TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-kappaB signalling pathway in rat model of middle cerebral artery stroke. PMID: 29193143
18. There were significant differences in inflammation and apoptosis, including the expression of RACK1 and TLR4, after myocardial IRI between the propofol and isoflurane groups PMID: 29511370
19. TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling participates in the inflammatory response of the myocardium after Coronary microembolization (CME), activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the inflammatory cascade, and aggravating myocardial injury. Blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling may help reduce myocardial injury and improve cardiac function after CME. PMID: 29940584
20. Studied protective effect on cardiomyocytes of dexamedetomidine (DEX) against hypoxia/reoxygenation Injury by suppression of TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling. Demonstrated that DEX protects at least in part, by TLR4 suppression in TLR4-MyD88-NF-B signaling. PMID: 29359143
21. MIAT knockdown inhibited AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating miR-93/TLR4 axis PMID: 29157986
22. these findings suggested that dioscin inhibited ischemic strokeinduced inflammation through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NFkBinduced inflammation the rat model, which provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the effect of dioscin as an antiinflammatory candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke in in the future PMID: 29115455
23. These results suggested that PALM3 contributes to the LPS-induced inflammatory response and participates in LPS-TLR4 signaling in Alveolar macrophages . These data may provide the basis for the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies of treating acute lung injury. PMID: 29039447
24. Our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of sevoflurane postconditioning via inactivation of the TLR-4/NF-kappaB pathway and subsequent reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine production, in part, contribute to sevoflurane postconditioning-induced neuroprotection after global transient cerebral ischemia in rats. PMID: 29113143
25. Study concludes, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and C5aR1 played a vital role during ischemia and reperfusion brain injury in rats, and schisantherin A exhibited neuroprotective effects by TLR4 and C5aR1 signaling pathways. PMID: 28690033
26. The expression of various inflammatory mediators through Toll-like receptors-4-NF-kappaB downstream signaling pathway. PMID: 28692940
27. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB and increased that of TRIF. PMID: 28753906
28. findings indicate that the apoptosis induced by ox-LDL in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes at least in part by modulating the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. PMID: 27279424
29. Toll like receptor 4 activation can be either detrimental or beneficial following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury depending on timing of activation. PMID: 28412141
30. Related to the down-regulation of the TLR4-meidated NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome. PMID: 28525945
31. TLR4 activation in glial cells is integral in brain inflammatory responses to air pollution. PMID: 28410596
32. Babao Dan attenuates drug-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cells activation and proliferation via TLR4 signaling pathway. PMID: 27776340
33. Morphine amplifies mechanical allodynia via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Data suggest that a short course of morphine administered early after spinal trauma can exacerbate central neuropathic pain in the long term. TLR4 initiates this phenomenon. PMID: 27519154
34. These findings suggested that exercise dampened the secretion of inflammation mediators probably through partial inhibition of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB and activation of PI3K/p-Akt expression in the spleen. PMID: 27539497
35. TLR4 plays a critical role in the inflammation and apoptosis of RGCs induced by high glucose. TLR4 might become a novel potential pharmacological target for preventing the progression of DR. PMID: 28808786
36. miR-146a improves intestine epithelial cells survival under ischemia and I/R injury through inhibition TLR4, TRAF6, and p-IkappaBalpha, subsequently leading to decreased NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation. PMID: 28771774
37. In alcohol preferring rats, TLR4 is localized in ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (TH+) neurons and it upregulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) signal. PMID: 27187237
38. ANGPTL2 knockdown ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by inhibiting TLR4 expression, an observation contributing to a better understanding of Diabetic Nephropathy pathogenesis. PMID: 28946139
39. These results indicated that TLR4 and P2X4R pathways mediated IL-1beta synthesis and release in microglia followed chronic morphine. TLR4 internalization is the main mechanism of morphine-induced microglia activation and IL-1beta release. PMID: 27506813
40. The TLR4/NF-kB signalling pathway was activated in the tooth germs of offspring of diabetic dams. PMID: 27981756
41. the upregulation of TLR4 expression via PKC activation contributes to defective wound healing in high-glucose-treated kidney tubular cells PMID: 28542370
42. Intraventricular hemorrhage-induced hypersecretion of CSF is mediated by TLR4-dependent activation of SPAK, which binds, phosphorylates, and stimulates the NKCC1 co-transporter at the CPE apical membrane. PMID: 28692063
43. sSudy shows that SAHA can suppress seizure-induced microglia activation and neuron apoptosis, and inhibit TLR4 expression through histone acetylation regulation by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88 signaling. This strongly suggests a potential neuroprotective effect of SAHA against neuroinflammation-induced brain damage. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of epilepsy and other neurodegenerative disorders. PMID: 27193049
44. IL-10 helps to maintain heart function during stress via myeloid differentiation gene 88/IRAK-4/IRAK-1-dependent TLR4 signaling. PMID: 28432060
45. Short bowel syndrome rats showed a significant increase in TLR4 and TRAF6 mRNA in jejunum and ileum, TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression in jejunum and ileum, and a significant increase in the number of TLR4 and TRAF6 positive cells (immunohistochemistry) compared to sham animals. PMID: 26895894
46. Although TLR4 was not a critical determinant of excessive drinking, it was important in the acute sedative effects of PMID: 27986929
47. The results indicated that inflammatory injury and pathological and ultrastructural damage in rat lungs exposed to PM2.5 plus SO2 were involved in TLR4/p38/NF-kappaB pathway activation accompanied by oversecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine, adhesion molecule, and NO PMID: 28033732
48. The expression of TLR4 and TRAF6 was gradually increased with increasing intestinal ischemia duration, but increased substantially after ischemia-reperfusion injury. After ischemic preconditioning, TLR4 and TRAF6 expressions decreased; however, expression of SOCS-1 and the TLR4-TRAF6 pathway inhibitor was increased. PMID: 27538408
49. these findings indicate that modifying TLR4 gene expression in the periaqueductal gray stimulates expression of the downstream signaling molecule, GAD67, which decreases Glu levels and increases GABA levels. This mechanism may explain the inhibition of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. PMID: 28306133
50. TAK-242 can effectively improve coronary microembolization -induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway and then reducing the myocardial apoptosis. PMID: 28359050

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Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Early endosome. Cell projection, ruffle.

Toll-like receptor family

KEGG: rno:29260

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000014020

UniGene: Rn.14534