Rat glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) ELISA Kit

Insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter, which plays a key role in removal of glucose from circulation. Response to insulin is regulated by its intracellular localization: in the absence of insulin, it is efficiently retained intracellularly within storage compartments in muscle and fat cells. Upon insulin stimulation, translocates from these compartments to the cell surface where it transports glucose from the extracellular milieu into the cell.

1. In summary, ionomycin-promoted exocytosis of GLUT4 is partly reversed by siPKCtheta;, whereas ionomycin-inhibited endocytosis of GLUT4 requires both siPKCalpha and siPKCtheta;. PKCalpha and PKCtheta; contribute to ionomycin-induced phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1. Rab13 is required for ionomycin-regulated GLUT4 exocytosis. PMID: 29247648
2. Short-Term Hypoxia Reverses Ox-LDL-Induced CD36 and GLUT4 Switching Metabolic Pathways in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells PMID: 28374891
3. MeGlc induced changes in GLUT4 or GLUT4 complexes within the plasma membrane. PMID: 28648676
4. Although PA reduced CD36 and increased GLUT4 metabolic pathway proteins, when we pretreated cells with resveratrol to activate SIRT1 or transfected si-PKCzeta, both were able to significantly increase CD36 metabolic pathway proteins and reduce GLUT4 pathway proteins PMID: 27133433
5. Data suggest that insulin resistance of myotubes can be modulated by dietary factors; here, zinc, a dietary component and common dietary supplement, up-regulates glucose transport, Glut4 translocation, Akt phosphorylation, and Gsk3b phosphorylation/activation, and down-regulates mTOR and S6k1 in L6 cells. (Glut4 = glucose transporter 4; Akt = AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; Gsk3b = glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) PMID: 27295130
6. results highlight a critical role for TBC1D1 in exercise tolerance and contraction-mediated translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle. PMID: 28808062
7. prolonged enhancement of GLUT-4 translocation and delayed counter-regulatory hormone responses may have contributed to the induction of hypoglycemia PMID: 28570686
8. High density lipoprotein reverses palmitic acid induced energy metabolism imbalance by switching CD36 and GLUT4 signaling pathways in cardiomyocyte. PMID: 28500736
9. the current study, we demonstrate that GluT4 is a critical component of hippocampal memory processes. PMID: 27881773
10. central injection of M617 mitigated insulin resistance of skeletal muscle by enhancing GLUT4 translocation from intracellular pools to plasma membranes via the activation of the Akt/AS160/GLUT4 signaling pathway. PMID: 27041232
11. during action potential (AP) firing, nerve terminals rely on the glucose transporter GLUT4 as a glycolytic regulatory system to meet the activity-driven increase in energy demands. Activity at synapses triggers insertion of GLUT4 into the axonal plasma membrane driven by activation of the metabolic sensor AMP kinase. PMID: 28111082
12. The developed combined model could describe data not used for training the model and was used to generate predictions of the relative contributions of the pathways from IR to translocation of GLUT4. PMID: 28495883
13. Pharmacological inhibition of central GLUT4 attenuates the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia. PMID: 27797912
14. Increased GLUT4 in the microsomal and plasma membrane fractions in response to physical training can increase glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes, producing a cardioprotective effect in the post acute myocardial infarction energy environment. PMID: 28177731
15. Fermented red ginseng induced markedly upregulation of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the muscle. PMID: 27322312
16. Data show that glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) down-regulation displayed strong negative correlations with the decreased glucose tolerance capability. PMID: 27614316
17. Perinatal brain injury is accompanied by disturbances in expression of Glut4, Gsk3, and Hif-1a proteins in endotheliocytes of hippocampal microvessels. PMID: 27783302
18. Findings suggest that MICAL-L2 is an effector of insulin-activated Rab13, which links to GLUT4 through ACTN4, localizing GLUT4 vesicles at the muscle cell periphery to enable their fusion with the membrane. PMID: 26538022
19. Modulation of AS160 level and activity led to significant increase in the concentration of DAG and PL, which was associated with changes in FAs composition and expression of fatty acid transporters. PMID: 26784579
20. GLUT4 content is decreased in the skeletal muscle of offspring from maternal periodontitis rats. PMID: 26854998
21. Intermittent Hypoxia can cause insulin resistance and reduced expression of GLUT4 in both mRNA and protein levels in skeletal muscle of rats PMID: 26503060
22. Collectively, our results indicated that heat-shock is critical factor that modulates GLUT4 and HSP70 in the skeletal muscle of rats. PMID: 25470523
23. findings functionally link TUSC5 to GLUT4 trafficking, insulin action, insulin resistance, and PPARgamma action in the adipocyte PMID: 26240143
24. The impaired GLUT4 translocation to sarcolemma under insulin stimulation may mediate insulin resistance in unloaded soleus muscle and further affect the insulin sensitivity of whole body in tail-suspended rats. PMID: 25713812
25. High carbohydrate diet exposure limited to the suckling phase of life is associated with a reduction in adult male skeletal muscle Glut4 expression. PMID: 25086780
26. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure causes a decline in myotube GLUT4 expression. PMID: 24130215
27. These results demonstrate that endogenous galanin, acting through its central receptor, has an important attribute to increase GLUT4 expression, leading to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. PMID: 25445608
28. GLUT4 exerts a renoprotective role which may be related to increase NO production. The antinatriuretic effects of GLUT4 appear to be due to enhancement of ion transport activity of ENaC and NCC at the renal tubules PMID: 25666964
29. Role of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor in Akt2-mediated plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle. PMID: 25025572
30. Differences in GLUT4 abundance among the fiber types were not accompanied by significant differences in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. PMID: 25491725
31. sepsis, may be related to glycometabolism disorder in the skeletal muscle, coming down to enhancement of GLUT4 translocation expression promoted by activation of AMPKa. PMID: 25097857
32. Insulin signaling to the molecular switch Rab8A connects with the motor protein MyoVa to mobilize GLUT4 vesicles toward the muscle cell plasma membrane. PMID: 24478457
33. Hypothalamic GLUT4 mRNA abundance increases with age and is sexually dimorphic.but decression in hippocampus and amygalda. PMID: 24382486
34. Ca(2+)-induced glut4 transporter translocation might be crucial under excessive cardiac stress conditions that require supraphysiological energy demands. PMID: 24895286
35. AMPK activation did not redistribute GLUT4 to the sarcolemmal membrane, suggesting that AMPK may regulate glucose uptake via another glucose transporter. These studies suggest that AMPK is a major regulator of glucose uptake in cardiac myocytes. PMID: 24708213
36. The expression of glut1 and glut4 in brain areas was not down-regulated, however, we observed trend to phase advance in glut1 expression in the cerebellum. PMID: 24329691
37. Data suggest that enhanced insulin sensitivity in biotin deficiency is due, in part, to up-regulation of AMPK (protein kinase AMP) subunits (Prkaa1, Prkaa2) and of translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporter to cell membrane in skeletal muscle. PMID: 24801390
38. Hypoglycemic effect of aspalathin is related to increased GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane via AMPK activation. PMID: 23238530
39. Post-fasting infusions surprisingly induced a further Slc2a4 mRNA decrease. PMID: 24361184
40. The objective of this study was to verify if consuming WP and WPH could also increase the concentration of the glucose transporters GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in the plasma membrane (PM) of the muscle cells of sedentary and exercised animals. PMID: 24023607
41. Both fructose and maltodextrin modulate the GLUT4 adaptive response to exercise by mechanisms involving chromatin remodeling at the Glut4 promoter. PMID: 24326422
42. Brazilian propolis has the potential to prevent hyperglycemia through the promotion of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. PMID: 23355380
43. Testosterone increases GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake. PMID: 23757167
44. Data indicate that benzothiazole derivatives elevated the abundance of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane of the myotubes and activated AMPK. PMID: 23750537
45. Data indicate that the levels of GLUT4 expression were significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats when compared to control rats. PMID: 23625195
46. GLO1 knock down augmented GLUT4 level on the cell surface of L6 myoblasts at least in part through reduction of GLUT4 internalization. PMID: 23717693
47. Overexpression of mitofusin 2 improves translocation of glucose transporter 4 in skeletal muscle of highfat dietfed rats through AMPactivated protein kinase signaling. PMID: 23652351
48. Differential translocation of the fatty acid transporter, FAT/CD36, and the glucose transporter, GLUT4, coordinates changes in cardiac substrate metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion. PMID: 23940308
49. Doc2b promotes GLUT4 exocytosis by accelerating the calcium-SNARE-dependent fusion reaction. PMID: 23427263
50. Data indicate that astaxanthin enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation involving insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation. PMID: 23715867

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It is a candidate for certain post-receptor defects in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endomembrane system; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region.

Major facilitator superfamily, Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family, Glucose transporter subfamily

Expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Expressed in brown and white adipose tissues.

KEGG: rno:25139

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000023256

UniGene: Rn.1314