Mouse Soluble Toll-like Receptor 4,sTLR4 ELISA Kit

Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL(-). Activated by the signaling pathway regulator NMI which acts as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in response to cell injury or pathogen invasion, therefore promoting nuclear factor NF-kappa-B activation.

1. intestinal epithelial TLR4 regulates metabolic syndrome through altered host-bacterial signaling PMID: 29363671
2. These data suggest that targeting TLR TIR domains may provide novel pharmacological targets to reduce or reverse TLR4-dependent pain behavior in the rodent. PMID: 28623271
3. We further show that EGFR is activated through toll-like receptor 4. Disruption of toll-like receptor 4 or the EGFR pathway led to reduced inflammatory activity and foam cell formation PMID: 28374780
4. Bone marrow malfunction arises early in obesity and depends on precursor-intrinsic TLR4. PMID: 29453396
5. Toxoplasma gondii ROP38 promotes the maturation of dendritic cells mediated by TLR4. PMID: 29773099
6. Local inhibition of TLR4 and MyD88 might reduce immune responses and ameliorate allograft rejection. PMID: 28393847
7. Results concluded that a hyperactive TLR4-NF-kappaB signal and higher level of cytokines are involved in susceptibility to depression in stressed obese mice. PMID: 29765402
8. these data showed that TLR4 knockout ameliorated high fat diet-induced cardiac contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) anomalies through inhibition of inflammation and ROS, possibly through a NF-kappaB/JNK-dependent activation of autophagy. PMID: 28108421
9. miR-711, which is upregulated by Adipoq, represses TLR4 signaling, acting therefore as a major mediator of the anti-inflammatory action of Adipoq. PMID: 28240307
10. TLR4 expression in placenta is up-regulated during maternal murine cytomegalovirus infection. PMID: 30128872
11. Loss of TLR4 in the mouse retinal Muller cells impaired insulin signal transduction. PMID: 29490521
12. TREM-1 may play an important role together with TLR4 in the nasopharyngeal clearance of Haemophilus influenzae by neutrophils. PMID: 30055735
13. TLR4-mediated p62 autophagic impairment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of neuropathic pain. PMID: 29486776
14. atorvastatin treatment may protect BV2 microglia and hippocampal neurons from oxygenglucose deprivationinduced neuronal inflammatory injury by suppressing the TLR4/TRAF6/NFkappaB pathway. This may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of neuronal injury. PMID: 29845194
15. these results suggest that TanIIA treatment is beneficial for improvement of Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy through TLR4mediated NFkappaB signaling. PMID: 29956801
16. Both pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockout of TLR4 completely abolished mesenteric lymph (ML) exosome-induced cytokine production in macrophages. Our findings define the critical role of exosomes secreted into ML as a critical mediator of trauma/hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury through macrophage TLR4 activation. PMID: 28855278
17. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection increased M2 polarization and intestinal tumour growth in ApcMin/+ mice and was TLR4dependent. PMID: 30121899
18. TLR4 plays a regulatory role in the type 1 immune responses during C. sinensis infection, controlling release of Th1/Th2 cytokines by infected splenocytes and dendritic cells. PMID: 29047038
19. This study demonstrates that the synergistic effect between TLR4 and TLR3 in macrophages is an important determinant in acute lung injury and, more importantly, that TLR3 up-regulation is dependent on TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB signaling. PMID: 28198368
20. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) requires physical and functional association with Fcalpha-mu protein (Fcalpha/muR) for its oligomer formation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production from marginal zone (MZ) B cells. PMID: 27146354
21. The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and NF-kappaB p50 was also inhibited by Andro. Additionally, in vitro data confirmed that Andro treatment not only attenuated the expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory factors but also blocked the TGF-beta1/Smad2 and TLR4/NF-kappaB p50 pathways. PMID: 29743985
22. CatH deficiency impaired toll-like receptor 3-mediated activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 and consequent secretion of IFN-beta PMID: 29470604
23. TLR4(-/-) mice showed massive alpha-SYN protein accumulation and dopaminergic cell loss in substantia nigra. PMID: 29589201
24. The results suggested that dioscin prevents LPSinduced ALI through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway via upregulation of HSP70. PMID: 29512786
25. this study shows that endocytosis of particulate matter induces cytokine production by neutrophil via Toll-like receptor 4 PMID: 29522983
26. Study showed the significance of TLR4 in upregulation of MAPK/ErK in NMDAR hypofunction schizophrenic-mouse model. This is characterized by a decrease in hippocampal IGF-1R/CaMKIIalpha, and social interaction behavioral deficits. Ultimately, hippocampal TLR4 knockdown rescued IGF-1R/CaMKIIalpha decline and prevented behavioral deficits by reducing MAPK/ErK expression. PMID: 29137928
27. Study highlights the importance of Ca(2+) signaling in macrophage activation and identifies the ion channel TRPM7 as a central component of TLR4 signaling. PMID: 29343440
28. The immunoenhancement effect of PSP against lung cancer is mediated by TLR4-MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling pathways PMID: 29343453
29. knockout of TLR4 gene improved survival and cardiac function in severe sepsis induced by CLP by decreasing the myocardial levels of inflammatory cytokines, weakening neutrophil infiltration in myocardium, and attenuating the heart apoptosis. PMID: 29393431
30. beta-arrestin 2 can protect liver tissue from LPS-induced injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway-mediated inflammation. PMID: 29375207
31. TLR4 mutation can decrease the expression of inflammatory factors and enhance the speed of recovery after sciatic nerve injury. PMID: 29227824
32. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, the expression of which was upregulated in B cells after ultraviolet B exposure, played an essential role in the induction of regulatory B cells. PMID: 29205369
33. Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid prevents LPS-induced respiratory in fl ammation via effects on TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling. PMID: 28689797
34. NOD2 Modulates Serotonin Transporter and Interacts with TLR2 and TLR4 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells PMID: 29913461
35. The results demonstrated prolific RSV infection of N2a cells, which triggered a decrease of NeuN protein expression, coinciding with an increase of nuclear lesions, F protein expression, RSV viral titers, and late apoptotic levels of N2a cells. RSV infection induced co-localization of RSV F protein with TLR4 and nucleolin. PMID: 29427996
36. These data suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps are generated in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and pathogenic in a mouse model of VILI, and their formation is partially dependent on TLR4. PMID: 29387725
37. this study shows that Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency increases resistance in sepsis-induced immune dysfunction PMID: 29149705
38. In conclusion, the data support that TLR4 is involved in the insulin signaling pathway in the retina. PMID: 28681194
39. this study shows that lipopolysaccharide)-mediated priming of TLR4 enhances oxidant-induced prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in primary murine macrophages PMID: 29161659
40. bone marrow transplantation between wild-type and TLR4 knockout mice revealed that hepatic TLR4-dependent hepcidin expression was comparable to macrophage TLR4-dependent hepcidin expression induced by LPS PMID: 29217822
41. this study reveals a novel mechanism of naringenin through AMPK-ATF3-dependent negative regulation of the LPS/TLR4 signalling pathway, which thereby confers protection against murine endotoxaemia. PMID: 28004841
42. These data demonstrate that the Pb18 strain of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is able to activate the transcription of Notch1 receptor in J774 macrophages. Activation of this receptor with also activation of TLR 4 (via LPS) induces IL-6 production, which favors the pathogenesis. PMID: 28600728
43. In human resistin-expressing transgenic mice and resistin prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality by blocking LPS binding to its receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and by promoting anti-inflammatory signaling. PMID: 29133417
44. The findings of this study indicated that activation of the neuroimmune system and TLR4 signaling may possibly be involved in environmental pollutant-induced spatial learning impairment in neonatal mice. PMID: 29107071
45. Ts-Hsp70 elicited protective immunity against T. spiralis infection was reduced in TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice correlating with the reduced humoral and cellular immune responses. PMID: 29775453
46. Rosiglitazone Regulates TLR4 and Rescues HO-1 and NRF2 Expression in Myometrial and Decidual Macrophages in Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth. PMID: 28322133
47. TLR4 and NLRP3 are suppressed by alpinectin, which attenuates inflammation in DSS-induced acute colitis PMID: 27321991
48. Subcutaneous injection of dendritic cells aggravates atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout mice by activation of TLR4. PMID: 28849148
49. Study shows that the disulfide form of high mobility group box-1 mediates bladder pain directly (not secondary to inflammation or injury) through activation of toll-like receptor 4 receptors in the bladder. PMID: 28545586
50. ablation of TLR4 mitigates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a model of HHcy PMID: 28738166

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The protein is encoded by the Lps locus, an important susceptibility locus, influencing the propensity to develop a disseminated Gram-negative infection.

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Early endosome. Cell projection, ruffle.

Toll-like receptor family

Expressed in macrophages (at protein level). Highly expressed in heart, spleen, lung and muscle. Lower levels are found in liver and kidney.

KEGG: mmu:21898

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000045770

UniGene: Mm.38049