Mouse CD81 antigen(CD81) ELISA kit

Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling. Essential for trafficking and compartmentalization of CD19 receptor on the cell surface of activated B cells. Upon initial encounter with a microbial pathogen, enables the assembly of CD19-CR2 and B cell receptor complexes at signaling TERMs, lowering the threshold dose of antigen required to trigger B cell clonal expansion and humoral immune response. In T cells, associates with CD4 or CD8 coreceptors and defines the maturation state of antigen-induced synapses with B cells. Facilitates localization of CD3 in these immune synapses, required for costimulation and sustained activation of T cells, preferentially triggering T helper type 2 immune response. Can act both as positive and negative regulator of homotypic or heterotypic cell-cell fusion processes. In myoblasts, associates with another tetraspanin CD9 in complex with PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration. In macrophages, associates with CD9 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized large particles. Also prevents the fusion between mononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of bone resorption. Positively regulates sperm-egg fusion and may be involved in the acrosome reaction. Regulates protein trafficking in intracellular compartments. In T cells, associates with dNTPase SAMHD1 and defines its subcellular location, enabling its degradation by the proteasome and thereby controlling intracellular dNTP levels. Also regulates integrin-dependent migration of macrophages, particularly relevant for inflammatory response in the lung.; (Microbial infection) Specifically required for Plasmodium yoelii infectivity of hepatocytes, controlling sporozoite entry in hepatocytes via the parasitophorous vacuole and subsequent parasite differentiation to exoerythrocytic forms.

1. The species-specific traits in CD9 and CD81 distribution during sperm maturation were compared between mice and humans. A mutual position of CD9/CD81 is shown in human spermatozoa in the acrosomal cap, however in mice, CD9 and CD81 occupy a distinct area. PMID: 29671763
2. adoptive transfer of wild-type regulatory T cells into CD81-deficient mice was sufficient to promote tumor growth and metastasis; these findings suggested that CD81 modulates adaptive and innate immune responses PMID: 26329536
3. CD81-Rac interaction exerts an important regulatory role on the innate and adaptive immunity against bacterial infection and suggests a role for CD81 in the development of novel therapeutic targets during infectious diseases. PMID: 25972472
4. Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite rhoptry discharge occurs only in the presence of CD81, providing the first direct evidence for a role of CD81 during sporozoite productive invasion. PMID: 24798694
5. In vitro myotubes lacking CD9P-1 or both CD9 and CD81 fuse with a higher frequency than normal myotubes PMID: 23575678
6. Data suggest that GPC3 down-regulates hepatocyte proliferation by binding to hedgehog (HH) and down-regulating the HH signaling pathway and binding with CD81, thus making it unavailable to bind to Hhex and causing its nuclear translocation. PMID: 23665349
7. CD81 interacts with the T cell receptor to suppress signaling. PMID: 23226274
8. CD81 promotes the microvillus formation and/or extension while tetraspanin CD82 inhibits these events. In addition, CD81 enhances the outward bending of the plasma membrane while CD82 inhibits it. PMID: 22079629
9. Self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells express CD81 during stress-induced proliferation. PMID: 21931533
10. CD81 is required for the formation of actin membrane protrusions via Rac1 activation in adhesion-dependent immune cell migration. PMID: 21677313
11. data indicate that CD81 plays a significant role in the final stages of RPE development, controlling cell number and overall developmental pattern PMID: 20882409
12. CD81 gene is maternally imprinted, with preferential expression from the paternal allele. PMID: 20579434
13. CD81 plays a negative role in B cell activation in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 19737782
14. CD81 expression by T cells is critical for their induction of IL-4 synthesis by B cells PMID: 11978781
15. Infertility of CD9-deficient mouse eggs is reversed by mouse CD81 PMID: 12086470
16. the role of CD81 in the regulation of astrocyte and microglial number, perhaps by regulating cell proliferation by a contact inhibition-dependent mechanism. PMID: 12357429
17. Data show that CD81, a putative receptor for hepatitis C virus, is required on hepatocytes for human Plasmodium falciparum and rodent Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infectivity. PMID: 12483205
18. CD81 affects expression of its associated partner CD19 beginning at a B-cell postendoplasmic reticulum compartment where CD81 is necessary for normal trafficking or for surface membrane stability of CD19. PMID: 14530327
19. CD81 strengthens multivalent VLA-4 contacts within subsecond integrin occupancy without altering intrinsic adhesive properties to low density ligand. CD81 facilitates both VLA-4-mediated leukocyte rolling and arrest on VCAM-1 PMID: 14532283
20. CD81 is required for the association of the B cell antigen receptor and the CD19/CD21 complex with lipid rafts and for enhanced signaling from rafts upon coligation. PMID: 14688345
21. CD81 signaling events could be mediated by 14-3-3 adapter proteins, and these signals may be dependent on cellular redox PMID: 14966136
22. CD9 and CD81 play complementary roles in sperm-egg fusion PMID: 16380109
23. CD81 plays multiple roles in the processing, intracellular trafficking, and membrane functions of CD19. PMID: 16449649
24. Murine CD81 does not mediate hepatitis C virus pseudoparticle entry when transfected into human HepG2 tumor cells. PMID: 16641285
25. Disruption of the mouse CD81 gene led to a reduction in the fecundity of female mice, and CD81-/- eggs had impaired ability to fuse with sperm. PMID: 17290409
26. We conclude that CD81 represents a potential therapeutic target to interfere with leukocyte infiltration and ameliorate inflammatory neurological damage in MS. PMID: 18586096
27. tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 regulate cell motility and protease production of macrophages and that their dysfunction may underlie the progression of COPD PMID: 18662991
28. CD81 is indispensable for an authentic in vivo hepatitis C virus infection. PMID: 19030166
29. CD81 potentially plays a role in macrophage cell line growth regulation. PMID: 19184252
30. Inactivation of CD81 by homologous recombination can increase astrocyte and microglial cell proliferation and can lead to anomalously large brain size (30% larger than normal). The effect depends on genetic background. PMID: 12357429

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Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Tetraspanin (TM4SF) family

Expressed in oocytes (at protein level). Highly expressed in granulosa cells. Expressed in skeletal muscle mainly in endothelial cells of endomysial capillaries, in satellite cells and myoblasts (at protein level). Expressed in hepatocytes (at protein lev

KEGG: mmu:12520

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000043768

UniGene: Mm.806