Human insulin-like 3 (INSL3) ELISA Kit

1. Variants of the INSL3 gene are prevalent in patients with testicular torsion instead of healthy subjects. PMID: 29785651
2. The strong positive correlation between INSL3, and high ovarian androgens levels in all polycystic ovary syndrome women, which appeared clearly in undescended polycystic ovaries could support the proposed syndrome hypothesis between those abnormal findings. PMID: 29254383
3. KLF6-mediated activation of the human INSL3 promoter required an intact KLF element as well as Leydig/Sertoli-enriched factors. KLF6 transcriptionally cooperates with NUR77 and SF1. our results identify KLF6 as a regulator of human INSL3 transcription. PMID: 26874000
4. The INSL3 G178A polymorphism was not significantly associated with spermatozoa or no spermatozoa in the testes of males with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism. I The evidence suggests that mutations of INSL3 may not directly contribute to the damage of spermatogenesis in patients with bilateral cryptorchidism history. PMID: 26840636
5. hINSL3 seems to recruit Aund spermatogonia into differentiation, potentially mediating an Fsh effect on spermatogenesis. PMID: 26077926
6. Healthy eumenorrheic late adolescent females with sporadic anovulation display higher INSL3 blood concentration. PMID: 26579638
7. rs6523 polymorphism and AGAG haplotype of INSL3 showed significant association with increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 26625974
8. INSL3 in girls is a unique and specific marker of theca cells surrounding antral follicles. PMID: 25516081
9. Three common INSL3 gene polymorphisms (27G>A, 126G>A, 178G>A) unrelated to any particular phenotype of testicular maldescent (TMD) were detected both in patients and controls, indicating that INSL3 gene mutations are not a common cause of TMD. PMID: 25728210
10. DLK1, INSL3 and COUP-TFII expression changes during normal development and is linked to different stages of Leydig Cell differentiation. PMID: 24908673
11. low INSL3 concentration is related to the pathogenesis behind an unfavourable change in body composition and bone metabolism among Klinefelter syndrome patients PMID: 24659579
12. The aim of this study was to assess plasma INSL3 in patients with osteoporosis and Klinefelter's Syndrome compared to healthy males. PMID: 24640568
13. INSL3 is as sensitive a marker as T for the evaluation of altered Leydig cell function in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/Kallmann syndrome patients. PMID: 24243640
14. INSL3 and AMH levels are significantly correlated with each other in women with PCOS, and they are significantly increased, particularly in the presence of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea. PMID: 23928669
15. Findings suggest a novel and gender-specific role for INSL3 and cognate receptor RXFP2 signaling in ocular surface homeostasis. PMID: 23539510
16. Most Prader-Willi syndrome males have normal INSL3 levels. PMID: 23150680
17. In the meta-analysis, INSL3 rs10421916 and rs11088680 had both a 0.8-fold decreased odds ratio for gastric cancer. PMID: 23028900
18. Cystin A11-B10 serves as an insulator between the two ports, whereas the amide functionality disturbs the signal transmission complex likely due to changes in polarity. PMID: 22574850
19. Data suggest that insulin-like factor 3 is related to functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 21586896
20. study demonstrates that the INSL3/RXFP2 system is involved in bone metabolism by acting on the MAPK cascade and stimulating transcription of important genes of osteoblast maturation/differentiation and osteoclastogenesis PMID: 22216350
21. Data show that synthetic parallel dimer of the B-chain of INSL3 is a potent inhibitor of the native peptide's binding to its receptor, RXFP2. PMID: 20560146
22. The current knowledge of INSL3, its involvement in testicular descent and germ cell survival, verifies that this Leydig cell hormone is an important player in testicular physiology[review] PMID: 20550598
23. High INSL3 is associated with testicular Leydig cell tumors. PMID: 19110449
24. investigation of INSL3 structural requirements (i.e., intra-A-chain disulfide bonds) for binding to & activation of RXFP2 PMID: 20570702
25. INSL3 is a powerful and multifunctional promoter of tumor growth and angiogenesis in human thyroid cancer cell xenografts. INSL3 actions involve RXFP2 activation and the secretion of S100A4 and (pro-)cathepsin-L PMID: 19950223
26. Results describe the in vitro degradation of insulin-like peptide 3 by insulin-degrading enzyme. PMID: 20082125
27. Analogues of INSL3 with higher alpha-helicity had higher receptor binding affinity. PMID: 19067106
28. A novel mutation in this protein is found in patients with cryptorchidism. PMID: 12601553
29. differentially expressed in hyperplastic and neoplastic thyrocytes, and in various thyroid diseases PMID: 12684664
30. the only clinical consequence of alterations of the INSL3-LGR8 system seems to be failure of the testis to normally descend in the scrotum during embryonic development, without affecting the spermatogenic and endocrine components of the testis itself PMID: 12970298
31. Analysis of men treated with different combinations of hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis suggests that the production of INSL3 is related to LH in a manner similar to that of the LH-testosterone axis. PMID: 15579743
32. Although a common polymorphism was identified in the INSL3 gene, no mutations were observed. Lack of association between genetic factors necessary for correct testicular descent and anorchia. PMID: 15579790
33. LGR8 signal is activated by the relaxin-like factor PMID: 15708846
34. Even testosterone and INSL3 are both dependent on lutropin, thesse two Leydig cell hormones are regulated differently. PMID: 15755855
35. relaxin-like hormones appear to be present early during C-cell hyperplasia and potentially functional relaxin/INSL3 ligand-receptor systems are present in human medullary thyroid carcinoma tissues and cell lines PMID: 15956746
36. Analysis of men treated with different combinations of hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis suggests that the production of INSL3 is related to the luteinizing hormone PMID: 15956751
37. Strongest INSL3 expression was detected in the basal epithelial cell compartment of the prostate epithelial cells, while weaker mRNA expression and immunoreactive production were observed in secretory epithelial cells. PMID: 16010410
38. INSL3 is not sensitive to gonadotropin stimulation in normal men, but declines markedly in response to gonadotropin deprivation. PMID: 16394084
39. Thus, the human INSL3 promoter constitutes a novel target for the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77. PMID: 16467267
40. Results showed a significant association of INSL3 gene mutations in men presenting one or more signs of testicular dysgenesis syndrome. PMID: 16687567
41. INSL3 was found to adopt a characteristic relaxin/insulin-like fold in solution but is a highly dynamic molecule. The four termini of this two-chain peptide are disordered, and additional conformational exchange is evident in the molecular core. PMID: 16867980
42. The data show that INSL3 is an independent measure of Leydig cell function (quality and number), which appears to be independent of acute control via the HPG axis. PMID: 17014531
43. The results, in conjunction with the previous data, suggest that mutations of INSL3 and LGR8/GREAT remain rare, and that the Thr/Thr genotype of Ala60Thr polymorphism in INSL3 may constitute a susceptibility factor for the development of cryptorchidism. PMID: 17028442
44. INSL3 blood levels may be higher in men with persistent spermatogenesis during treatment with male hormonal contraceptives. PMID: 17314233
45. INSL3 could be considered a new circulating hormone related to LH-dependent ovarian hyperandrogenism, particularly in normal-weight polycystic ovary women PMID: 17356050
46. Mutations involving the insulin-like factor 3 gene may contribute to other anomalies of male genital development, such as micropenis. PMID: 17437853
47. predicted the complete INSL3/LGR8 primary binding site, including interactions between INSL3 His-B12 and LGR8 Trp-177, INSL3 Val-B19 and LGR8 Ile-179, and INSL3 Arg-B20 with LGR8 Asp-181 and Glu-229 PMID: 17473281
48. Higher blood levels may be indicative of ovarian cancer. PMID: 17549672
49. The common INSL3 G178A polymorphism was not statistically significantly associated with male infertility. PMID: 17559848
50. In boys, early postnatal INSL3 is markedly higher as compared with later childhood, presumably because it is stimulated by the transient postnatal LH peak PMID: 17666478

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HGNC: 6086

OMIM: 146738

KEGG: hsa:3640

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000321724

UniGene: Hs.37062