Human Triggering Receptor Expresses on Myeloid Cells-1,TREM-1 ELISA Kit

Cell surface receptor that plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity by amplifying inflammatory responses. Upon activation by various ligands such as PGLYRP1, HMGB1 or HSP70, multimerizes and forms a complex with transmembrane adapter TYROBP/DAP12. In turn, initiates a SYK-mediated cascade of tyrosine phosphorylation, activating multiple downstream mediators such as BTK, MAPK1, MAPK3 or phospholipase C-gamma. This cascade promotes the neutrophil- and macrophage-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines, as well as their migration and thereby amplifies inflammatory responses that are triggered by bacterial and fungal infections. By also promoting the amplification of inflammatory signals that are initially triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NOD-like receptor engagement, plays a major role in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of different etiologies including septic shock and atherosclerosis.; Acts as a decoy receptor, counterbalancing TREM1 proinflammatory activity through the neutralization of its lignad.

1. These data show that human macrophages infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 show an increased expression of TREM-1. In parallel, direct exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus-1-related proteins Tat or gp120 induces TREM-1 expression in macrophages and confers anti-apoptotic attributes. PMID: 28181540
2. Current data suggest that sTREM-1 might become a useful biomarker for the prediction of neonatal sepsis; however, the significant variation in the used threshold values (that ranged between 77.5 and 1707.35 pg/ml) and the methodological differences across studies limit the value of our findings in clinical practice.[Review] PMID: 29644420
3. TREM-1 is a predictive biomarker of in-stent restenosis and an important mediator of cellular inflammation, migration, and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells PMID: 29080545
4. The present study highlights the role of urine sTREM-1 levels in late-onset sepsis. PMID: 29480083
5. TREM-1 links dyslipidemia to inflammation and lipid deposition in atherosclerosis. PMID: 27762264
6. serum levels seem higher in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients than in their healthy siblings (not statistically significant) PMID: 27862781
7. TREM-1 interventions by means of LP17, LR12 and TREM-1 fusion protein did not ameliorate IR-induced injury. In the human renal transplant cohort, donor and recipient TREM1 gene variant p.Thr25Ser was not associated with DGF, nor with biopsy-proven rejection or death-censored graft failure. We conclude that TREM-1 does not play a major role during experimental renal IR and after kidney transplantation PMID: 27928159
8. TREM-1 plays an important role in mediating platelet activation. PMID: 28837205
9. Serum sTREM-1 level is significantly higher in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) patients and positively correlates with abdominal pain, which may be initiated by TREM-1-associated macrophage activation, indicating the existence of subclinical inflammation in D-IBS. PMID: 29516326
10. TREM-1 overexpression and M1 macrophage polarization are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. PMID: 28454543
11. TREM-1 may have a role in pathology of craniopharyngioma and Rathke's cleft cyst PMID: 27409178
12. low expression level of TREM-1 might be a characteristic for tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer PMID: 27244892
13. The results demonstrate that both commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria activate the TREM-1 pathway, resulting in a proinflammatory TREM-1 activity-dependent increase in proinflammatory cytokine production. PMID: 27448788
14. Our findings suggest a novel modulatory role of TREM-1 in the pathogenesis of SLE. sTREM-1 production is a useful diagnostic marker and a molecular target for combination therapy of lupus. PMID: 28089248
15. In the premature rupture of membranes group,the NF-kappaB p65 and sTREM-1 levels in maternal blood were significantly higher in women with chorioamnionitis than women without chorioamnionitis (P<.05). PMID: 27521929
16. Diagnostic value of sTREM-1, IL-8, PCT, and CRP in febrile neutropenia after autologous stem cell transplantation PMID: 28920169
17. findings showed detectable expression of TREM-1 in 100% of samples, urinary tract infection (UTI) and non-UTI groups; levels of sTREM-1 were detected in patients with UTI, but not in non-UTI patients; TREM-1 levels in patients with UTI tend to be higher and are associated with increased neutrophils and cytokine activity induced by bacteria PMID: 28367708
18. The minor allele T of rs2234246 of TERM1 protein, was associated with increased sTREM-1 in the discovery population, explaining 33% of its variance, and with increased levels of mRNA. PMID: 28771614
19. This study provided evidence that rs6910730G, an intronic variant of TREM1, reduced the ability of human monocytes for Abeta phagocytosis, and this reduction was likely attributed to a decreased monocytic TREM1 expression. PMID: 27670763
20. Studies show that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) levels do not discriminate between mild-to-moderate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in contrast, the interleukin 6 (IL-6)/interleukine 13 (IL-13) ratio measured in BALF effectively differentiated these two diseases. PMID: 28791839
21. study found that soluble TREM-1 is increased and correlates with the clinical and laboratory findings in Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, a viral infection characterized by activation of inflammation. PMID: 26877157
22. The findings suggest that there are no differences in soluble TREM-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid between healthy and periodontally diseased elderly adults PMID: 27542376
23. TREM-1 was found to be significantly higher in tissues biopsies and blood of subjects with obesity. Greater expression and activity of TREM-1 suggest a possible role in the underlying pathophysiology of obesity and associated comorbidities. PMID: 28111922
24. This study indicates that in children with community-acquired pneumonia, sTREM-1, Midregional-proANP, and Midregional-proADM blood levels have poor abilities to differentiate bacterial from viral diseases or to identify severe cases. PMID: 27846213
25. Carriage of the TREM1 rs2234237T allele appears to be a risk factor for the development of severe malaria. PMID: 27671831
26. TREM-1, HMGB1 and RAGE in the Shoulder Tendon: Dual Mechanisms for Inflammation Based on the Coincidence of Glenohumeral Arthritis PMID: 27792788
27. is concluded that both HMGB1 and sTREM-1 are released during the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues and they can promote inflammatory process, which leads to tissue destruction. PMID: 27917624
28. The soluble TREM-1 level, core temperature and SAPS II value were the only independent predictors of death after adjustment for potential confounders in sepsis patients admitted to intensive care. PMID: 27729010
29. TREM-1 plays a critical role in osteoarthritis development and IL1B induced chondrocyte injury through regulation of NF-kappaB signaling PMID: 27932245
30. sTREM1 was increased in septic patients with myocardial depression compared to those without myocardial depression. PMID: 27238916
31. this study shows higher levels of TREM-1 in plasma of systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients PMID: 27648678
32. Increased expression of TREM-1 in S compared to AS patients involving TNFa, MMP-1 and MMP-9 suggest a potential role of TREM-1 in plaque destabilization PMID: 27017522
33. decreased serum level significantly associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease; restrains inflammatory reaction in endothelial cells PMID: 27631216
34. Plasma levels of sTREM-1 were found to identify patients with septic shock more effectively than procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Moreover, sTREM-1 was identified to be an early predictor for survival in patients with septic shock. PMID: 27319606
35. This study provides new insights into the possible mechanism of TREM-1 and HIF-1alpha in psoriasis. PMID: 27743451
36. TREM-1 may play an important role in the inflammatory cascade after subarachnoid hemorrhage and act as a monitoring biomarker PMID: 27697433
37. This study shows increased expression of TREM-1 in monocytes from patients with advanced cervical cancer. PMID: 26506490
38. TREM-1 expression is decreased during the generation of human osteoclast precursors PMID: 26852644
39. TREM-1 activation may be involved in the development of Kawasaki disease. PMID: 27324541
40. LPS-induced TREM-1 transcription. PMID: 26397033
41. The study simultaneously evaluated both PCT and soluble TREM-1 along with CRP in febrile patients with autoimmune diseases. PMID: 27096761
42. TREM-1 and Dectin-1 function concurrently in the corneal innate immune response by regulating inflammatory cytokine expression in fungal keratitis. PMID: 26963514
43. High TREM-1 expression correlated significantly with increased recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 25465376
44. Soluble TREM-1 level is significantly increased in hemodialysis patients as are other pro-inflammatory markers. PMID: 26495896
45. TREM-1 is induced by MSU and is associated with the inflammation of human acute gouty arthritis. PMID: 26320130
46. Plasma and urine TREM-1 levels can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis. PMID: 25944130
47. study found no association between the other investigated SNPs within TREM-1 gene and infective endocarditis risk PMID: 25213166
48. In neonates with late-onset neonatal sepsis, soluble TREM-1 has the potential to provide an excellent predictive value for septic shock/death. PMID: 25461656
49. Soluble TREM-1, a member of the immunoglobulin super-family, is upregulated when neutrophils are exposed to bacteria. PMID: 25294884
50. isolated PMNs have an increased proportion of both TREM1 and DAP12 compared to normal healthy control PMID: 25642940

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[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 2]: Secreted.

Mostly expressed by immune cells of the myeloid lineage, such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Expression is associated with a mature stage of myeloid development. Highly expressed in adult liver, lung and spleen than in corresp

HGNC: 17760

OMIM: 605085

KEGG: hsa:54210

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000244709

UniGene: Hs.283022