Human Toll-like receptor 9,TLR-9 ELISA kit

Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection. Upon CpG stimulation, induces B-cell proliferation, activation, survival and antibody production.

1. decrease in full-length protein levels in substantia nigra of Parkinson disease patients PMID: 29934589
2. The s showed that dendritic cell treatment with a TLR9 agonist results in an increase in fungicidal activity of these cells against the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. PMID: 29228322
3. TLR9 activation is augmented by short single-stranded DNA degradation products PMID: 28530246
4. The detection of higher frequencies of the TLR2, TLR4 and/or TLR9 polymorphisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared with the control groups highlight the role of these polymorphism in CRC development and cancer progression PMID: 29883450
5. TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA were elevated in blood samples from celiac disease patients compared to the healthy controls PMID: 30057921
6. Finding suggest that genetic variations in TLR9 (rs352139 and rs352140) are associated with severity and prognosis of bacterial meningitis in Chinese children. PMID: 28202935
7. The findings show that the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, and hypoxia markers HIF-1alpha and CAIX is abnormal in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia suggesting that both the innate immunity activation and hypoxia response are involved in early pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID: 30357962
8. Genotyping was performed to detect -T1237C (rs5743836) and G2848A (rs352140) SNP in TLR9 gene in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls. The A allele of G2848A SNP in TLR9 gene was found with a marginally higher frequency among tuberculosis patients. PMID: 29675696
9. The TLR3.rs3775290 "CC" genotype was associated with hepatitis C virus chronicity, while the TLR9 gene may not play a major role in hepatitis C virus infection. PMID: 29860675
10. Identify both expansion of T-bet(+) B cells and production of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in ex vivo cultures of naive peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to P. falciprum infected erythrocyte lysates. We propose that synergistic TLR9/IFN-gammaR activation of T-bet(+) B cells is a mechanism underlying infection-induced autoimmune-like responses. PMID: 29101363
11. TLR9, especially TLR9/CD3, is highly expressed in systemic sclerosis patients particularly those with diffuse cutaneous subtype and could form a potential marker for skin fibrosis and disease severity. PMID: 29076114
12. TLR9 Gene Polymorphism is not associated with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PMID: 29286214
13. TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism is positively correlated with susceptibility to Osteoarthritis of Knee, especially among old people in a Chinese population. PMID: 28916728
14. Data showed strong interactions of toll-like receptors TLR2 and 4 associated with Leishmania(V.) braziliensis, while toll-like receptor TLR9, in contrast, a strong interaction with Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. PMID: 29543867
15. Studied associations of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within toll like receptor genes (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9) and genetic predisposition to newborn severe hepatitis. PMID: 28703296
16. TLR7, TLR9, and JAK2 genes are potential biomarkers for systemic sclerosis. High TLR7 expression positively correlated with the late form of disease. Decreased levels of TLR9 and JAK2 mRNA were found in the patient's cohort in comparison to non-SSc individuals. PMID: 29147913
17. TLR9 rs187084 gene polymorphism may be associated with post-bronchiolitis wheezing, and TLR10 rs4129009 gene polymorphism may be associated with atopy. PMID: 27498757
18. Meta-analysis did not show any association between TLR9 polymorphisms (rs187084, rs352140, rs5743836 and rs352139) and systemic lupus erythematosus under any model.[meta-analysis] PMID: 28528372
19. TLR9 contributes to tumor regression by inducing cytotoxic T cell response, reducing the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, the tumor-associated macrophages, and the regulatory T cells. It can however, also promote tumor progression and invasiveness of cervical tissue. Review. PMID: 27765276
20. this study shows that increased expression of TLR9 is associated with reduced DNA methylation in spontaneous preterm labor PMID: 28622534
21. A rapid neutralization of anticoagulant activity of NU172 was also demonstrated in fresh human whole blood 5 min after addition of AD. Furthermore, the TLR9-mediated activation of PMDC05 cells was interrupted after the addition of the R10-60 AD PMID: 28594360
22. BAD-LAMP (LAMP5)-silencing enhances TLR9 retention in endolysosome compartment and consequent downstream signalling events. PMID: 29030552
23. results suggest that TLR9 rs5743836 polymorphism is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism recurrence in female patients but not in males. PMID: 28321710
24. Based on the results, we hypothesize that aberrant surface expression of TLR9 on tumor cells may promote tumor growth and invasion. It might also highlight a dual contradictory role for CpG-ODNs, as adjutant in cancer therapy. PMID: 28106541
25. The minor alleles of TLR2-rs3775290, TLR4-rs7873784, and TLR9-rs352140, and interaction between rs352140 and HPV infection were all associated with increased cervical cancer risk. PMID: 28497211
26. TLR9 polymorphism is associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. PMID: 28500897
27. analysis of TLR2 rs5743708, TLR2 rs4696480, TLR4 rs4986790, TLR9 rs5743836 and TLR9 rs352140 SNPs in children with pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis and their family members; study did not show an association between the analyzed SNPs in TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and susceptibility to develop bacterial meningitis PMID: 28487240
28. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 on the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 in Systemic lupus erythematosus patients. PMID: 28544067
29. There appears to be a defect of TLR 9 signaling in patients with tuberculosis, the nature of which needs to be further explored. PMID: 27768958
30. sickle red blood cell induced TLR9, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18 expression and induced IL-1beta, LTB4 and nitrite production in PBMC cultures. PMID: 27045344
31. Findings indicate that genotype TT in the -1486 locus of the TLR9 gene could comprise a risk genotype for HPV infection, squamous intraepithelial cervical lesion, and uterine cervical neoplasm in Mexican female population. PMID: 28819773
32. data show that TLR-5 and TLR-9 are susceptible genes to lupus nephritis (LN) and that their expression is dysregulated in LN patients' kidneys, supporting a role of these mediators in the pathogenesis of LN. PMID: 28763101
33. -1486CC genotype appeared to have a higher risk for knee osteoarthritis and -1486TT and -1486CT genotypes have a protective effect in a Turkish population PMID: 28295589
34. By CRISPR/Cas9-induced inactivation of TLR9, MyD88, IRAK4 and IRAK1 we confirm that BZLF1 repression is dependent on functional TLR9 and MyD88 signaling, and identify IRAK4 as an essential element for TLR9-induced repression of BZLF1 expression upon BCR cross-linking PMID: 29088270
35. results imply that TLR9-mediated activation of B-cells not only promotes cell survival, but may via p53 provide cells with a barrier against harmful consequences of enhanced activation and proliferation PMID: 28973009
36. mutually exclusive transcriptional regulation by AP-1 (cjun/cfos) and non-canonical NF-kappaB (RelB/p52) downstream of MEK-ERK and NIK-IKK-alpha-NF-kappaB2 (p100) phosphorylation, respectively was responsible for persistent Ccl20 expression in the colonic cells. PMID: 27590109
37. This study evaluation the roles of SOCS1, the regulator of TLR9, RIG-I, and CD152 in patients with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis; the use of polymorphisms as markers for genetic risk is reported. PMID: 28762092
38. cathelicidin selectively modulated synthesis of TLR4 and 9 in intestinal epithelium, but only when cells were exposed to virulence factors, mostly from apical surfaces. PMID: 28988039
39. Tumor TLR9 expression is not associated with prognosis in African American triple negative breast cancer . Significant differences were detected in TLR9 variant MAFs between European Americans and African American . They may affect TLR9 expression and function. PMID: 28886076
40. Early endosomal TLR9 activation is important for MR1-mediated bacterial antigen presentation in B cells. PMID: 28518215
41. This study provides new insight into the mechanism that mediates TLR9 upregulation in response to cellular stresses. In addition, it shows that HPV38 E6 and E7 are able to interfere with this mechanism. PMID: 28724760
42. In conclusion, our data provide strong indirect evidence that TLR9 might play a greater role in HCV infection than previously expected. We identified an association of the polymorphism rs187084 within the TLR9 gene with the natural course of HCV infection in women. PMID: 27196570
43. this study shows that the double CpG motif sequence-specificity of human TLR9 results in decreased activation by oligodeoxyribonucleotides PMID: 28115525
44. Patients with low TLR9 expression have longer survival rates with supratentorial glioblastoma compared to patients with higher expression rates. PMID: 27744078
45. The effect could be blocked by chloroquine (CQ), a TLR9 inhibitor. PMID: 28433888
46. mechanism integrating BCR, TLR9, and cytokine signals provides a peripheral checkpoint for DNA-containing antigens that, if circumvented by survival and differentiative cues, yields B cells with the autoimmune-associated T-bet+ phenotype. PMID: 28346226
47. These results indicate that TLR9 activation via the cag island may modify the risk for malignancy within the context of H. pylori infection and provide an important framework for future studies investigating the microbial-epithelial interface in gastric carcinogenesis. PMID: 27157617
48. TLR9 2848 G/A single nucleotide polymorphism may be associated with human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. PMID: 28340580
49. data strongly indicate that DNA sensing via TLR-9 constitutes a major innate immunity pathway involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of erythema nodosum leprosum PMID: 27474073
50. The mRNA levels of Toll-like receptors TLR2, 6, and 9 were significantly elevated in the Kawasaki disease (KD) patient group versus the healthy controls. PMID: 28061462

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Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome. Lysosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome.

Toll-like receptor family

Highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, tonsil and peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Levels are much lower in monocytes and CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in lung and liver.

HGNC: 15633

OMIM: 605474

KEGG: hsa:54106

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000417517

UniGene: Hs.87968