Human Cathepsin L1 (CTSL1/CTSL) ELISA kit

CTSL1是一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶，广泛参与细胞内外蛋白质的降解和代谢。研究发现，CTSL1在多种人类疾病中发挥重要作用，如心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病和某些癌症。最近的研究还发现，CTSL1参与了SARS-CoV-2病毒进入宿主细胞的过程，成为潜在的抗病毒药物靶点。

Thiol protease important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes (Probable). Plays a critical for normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and bone remodeling. Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin and in the subsequent release of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) by limited proteolysis of TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen. In neuroendocrine chromaffin cells secretory vesicles, catalyzes the prohormone proenkephalin processing to the active enkephalin peptide neurotransmitter. In thymus, regulates CD4(+) T cell positive selection by generating the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) bound peptide ligands presented by cortical thymic epithelial cells. Also mediates invariant chain processing in cortical thymic epithelial cells. Major elastin-degrading enzyme at neutral pH. Accumulates as a mature and active enzyme in the extracellular space of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to regulate degradation of the extracellular matrix in the course of inflammation. Secreted form generates endostatin from COL18A1. Critical for cardiac morphology and function. Plays an important role in hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling, as well as epidermal differentiation. Required for maximal stimulation of steroidogenesis by TIMP1.; Functions in the regulation of cell cycle progression through proteolytic processing of the CUX1 transcription factor. Translation initiation at downstream start sites allows the synthesis of isoforms that are devoid of a signal peptide and localize to the nucleus where they cleave the CUX1 transcription factor and modify its DNA binding properties.; (Microbial infection) In cells lacking TMPRSS2 expression, facilitates human coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections via a slow acid-activated route with the proteolysis of coronavirus spike (S) glycoproteins in lysosome for entry into host cell. Proteolysis within lysosomes is sufficient to activate membrane fusion by coronaviruses SARS-CoV and EMC (HCoV-EMC) S as well as Zaire ebolavirus glycoproteins.

1. the findings demonstrated that mutated K-ras promotes cathepsin L expression and plays a pivotal role in EMT of human lung cancer. The regulatory effect of IR-induced cathepsin L on lung cancer invasion and migration was partially attributed to the Cathepsin L /CUX1-mediated EMT signaling pathway PMID: 29246726
2. Cathepsin L (CTSL) has been shown to participate in the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.Level of CTSL was positively correlated with expression of inflammatory mediators and NF-kappaB in Parkinson's disease patients. PMID: 29154036
3. The key findings of this study provided evidence suggesting that miR-152 functions by means of binding to CTSL to induce GIST cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion. PMID: 29278883
4. identify Cat L as a key intracellular lysosomal gene encoding progranulin protease PMID: 28743268
5. these data suggest that oxidative stress prevents the protective autophagy by inhibition of CTSL processing PMID: 28478025
6. The active CATL activity and the expression of the mature single-chain enzyme are lowest the umbilical cord arteries and highest in Wharton's jelly. PMID: 28787468
7. these findings suggest that CTSL functions as a carcinogenic factor and may contribute to Paclitaxel resistance in human ovarian cancer PMID: 27351223
8. An association between higher serum cathepsin L and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was found in two independent cohorts. Impaired kidney function appears to be an important moderator or mediator of these associations. PMID: 27718373
9. CTSL is an important protein which mediates cell invasion and migration of human glioma U251 cells. PMID: 27989700
10. Collectively, these data indicate that CTSL is an important contributor to tumor angiogenesis and that the CTSL inhibition may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of breast cancer patients. PMID: 27055649
11. Therefore, we show for the first time that the nuclear localization of Cat L and its substrate Cux1can be positively regulated by Snail NLS and importin beta1, suggesting that Snail, Cat L and Cux1 all utilize importin beta1 for nuclear import. PMID: 28698143
12. Data suggest substrate specificity of CTSL includes SNCA; CTSL truncates SNCA first at C-terminus before attacking internal beta-sheet-rich region between residues 30 and 100; three of four proteolysis sites contain glycine residues likely involved in beta-turn, where proteolysis leads to solvent exposure of internal residues and further proteolysis of amyloid. (CTSL = cathepsin L; SNCA = alpha-synuclein) PMID: 28614652
13. Cathepsin L knockdown induced by RNA interference significantly promoted curcumin-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. The knockdown also inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Cathepsin L may be a new target to enhance the efficacy of curcumin against cancers. PMID: 27373979
14. a positive feedback loop between Snail-nuclear Cat L-CUX1 drives epithelial mesenchymal transition, is reprted. PMID: 27956696
15. Kidney tubule/glomerulus cathepsin L expression did not change in cyclosporine A-treated nephrotic syndrome. PMID: 26975192
16. the crystal structure determined at 1.4 A revealed that the cathepsin L molecule is cleaved, with the cleaved region trapped in the active site cleft of the neighboring molecule. PMID: 26992470
17. endothelial CTSL up-regulation partially due to Fli1 deficiency may contribute to the development of vasculopathy, while the decrease in dermal CTSL expression is likely associated with dermal fibrosis in systemic sclerosis PMID: 26661692
18. CTSL may contribute to gefitinib resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer PMID: 26474873
19. The study results indicate the A-allele of rs3118869 [of the human cathepsin Lgene] is a protective factor in hypertension. PMID: 26374357
20. Data suggest that nuclear cathepsin L accelerates cell cycle progression of HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. PMID: 26343556
21. Mechanistic studies showed that teicoplanin blocks Ebola virus entry by specifically inhibiting the activity of cathepsin L, opening a novel avenue for the development of additional glycopeptides as potential inhibitors of cathepsin L-dependent viruses. PMID: 26953343
22. Cathepsin L targeting in cancer treatment PMID: 26299995
23. cathepsin L activity was decreased in p53 positive cells after adriamycin treatment, but not in p53 negative cells. PMID: 26757339
24. these data indicate that the CTSL inhibitor KGP94 has the potential to alleviate metastatic disease progression and associated skeletal morbidities and hence may have utility in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer patients PMID: 26757413
25. Our findings highlight the potential role of CTSL in the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis, which might be considered a therapeutic strategy for treatment of pathologic conditions associated with neurodegeneration. PMID: 26797274
26. Knockdown of Cathepsin L promotes radiosensitivity of glioma stem cells both in vivo and in vitro. PMID: 26706414
27. In addition, cathepsin L positively correlates with MMP2. PRACTICE: The cathepsin L may be used as a monitoring index in age-related diseases. PMID: 25991043
28. TGFbetainduced epithelialmesenchymal transition was associated with increased cathepsin L in A549 and MCF7 cells. CATL may be involved in the regulation of EMT. CATL knockdown in A549 cells inhibited xenograft tumor growth and EMT in vivo PMID: 25632968
29. study showed plasma cathepsin L may be used as an independent predictor of prognosis in pancreatic cancer; this protease may be one of the factors responsible for tumor invasion, as its level was found to be significantly higher in pancreatic tumor tissues compared to non-neoplastic adjacent tissue PMID: 25516668
30. in vivo functional evidence for overexpressed CTSL as a promoter of lung metastasis, whereas high CTSL levels are maintained during tumor progression due to stress-resistant mRNA translation. PMID: 25957406
31. CTSL might involve in the development and progression of HCC as a oncogene. PMID: 25384089
32. the results suggested that CTSL contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of OC, and that CTSL may be a novel molecular target for OC treatment. PMID: 25333746
33. Overexpression of CTSL is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer. PMID: 24402045
34. CTSL protein level was positively associated with forced expiratory volume in emphysema. The C allele of rs2274611 was associated with increased protein level. CTSL may be involved in the development of airflow limitation. PMID: 23900981
35. The increase in cathepsins B and L activities in lymphosarcoma tissues is caused by cyclophosphamide induction of apoptosis. PMID: 24319737
36. correlation of plasma CatL levels with aortic diameter and the lowest ankle-brachial index suggest that this cysteinyl protease plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of peripheral arterial diseases and abdominal aortic aneurysms PMID: 23958260
37. Data suggest that CTSL (cathepsin L) and CTSB (cathepsin B) of the autophagic-lysosomal proteolytic system are involved as the main proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia development in patients with esophageal cancer. PMID: 24108784
38. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein upregulated CATL protein levels and activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) in a concentration-dependent manner and stimulated EC autophagy and apoptosis and increased EC monolayer permeability. PMID: 23229094
39. Both cathepsin L and matrix metalloprotease-2 showed correlation with some of the clinicopathological parameters in pancreatic cancer but only cathepsin L expression in tumor epithelium predicted a poor prognosis for the disease. PMID: 23915070
40. TMPRSS2 and HAT activate HCoV-229E for cathepsin L-independent virus-cell fusion. PMID: 23536651
41. Cathepsin L expression is related to the invasive and metastatic potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 22963824
42. BRCA1 loss activates cathepsin L (CTSL)-mediated degradation of 53BP1. PMID: 23337117
43. In this study, various molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of pro- and mature human cathepsins L and O were performed. PMID: 23009386
44. conclude that common genetic variation in the proximal CTSL1 promoter, especially at position C-171A, is functional in cells, and alters transcription so as to explain the association of CTSL1 with BP in vivo PMID: 22871890
45. Cathepsin L has a significant impact on antigen-induced arthritis severity by influencing the selection of Th cell populations in the thymus, but seems not play any significant role in the direct joint destruction PMID: 22674323
46. DHA supplementation significantly suppressed the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor and cathepsin L1, both of which were also up-regulated by LPS. PMID: 21775114
47. Cathepsins L and Z are critical in degrading polyglutamine-containing proteins within lysosomes. PMID: 22451661
48. Regulation of cathepsins S and L by cystatin F during maturation of dendritic cells. PMID: 22365146
49. Report transient expression of progesterone receptor and cathepsin-l in human granulosa cells during the periovulatory period. PMID: 22281037
50. high-resolution structures reveal that the backbone C=O group of Gly61 in most cathepsin L co-crystal structures maintains water solvation while engaging in halogen bonding PMID: 21898833

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Lysosome. Apical cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, chromaffin granule. Secreted, extracellular space. Secreted.; [Isoform 2]: Nucleus.

Peptidase C1 family

HGNC: 2537

OMIM: 116880

KEGG: hsa:1514

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000345344

UniGene: Hs.731507