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  4. Human Apolipoprotein D(APOD) ELISA kit

Human Apolipoprotein D(APOD) ELISA kit

  • 中文名称：
    人载脂蛋白D(APOD)酶联免疫试剂盒
  • 货号：
    CSB-EL001935HU
  • 规格：
    96T/48T
  • 价格：
    ￥3600/￥2500
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 产品描述：

    The human apolipoprotein D (APOD) ELISA Kit is used to quantitatively measure human APOD concentrations in serum, plasma, or tissue homogenates. It performs well in important characteristics, including sensitivity and specificity. This assay is based on the sandwich ELISA mechanism and enzyme-substrate chromogenic reaction. The solution color develops proportionally to the amount of APOD in the sample. And the intensity of the color can be measured at 450 nm via a microplate reader.

    APOD is an atypical apolipoprotein with wide tissue distribution and has diverse different functions such as immune response, cell proliferation regulation, chemoreception, retinoid metabolism, axon growth, and proteolysis regulation. Plasma apoD is present mainly in HDL and, to a lesser extent, in VLDL. German Perdomo et al. demonstrated that APOD plays a significant role in lipid homeostasis and helps explain why genetic mutations in the APOD gene predispose at-risk individuals to developing metabolic syndrome. APOD also plays a pathophysiological role in several psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia.

  • 别名：
    APO D ELISA Kit; Apo-D ELISA Kit; ApoD ELISA Kit; APOD protein ELISA Kit; APOD_HUMAN ELISA Kit; Apolipoprotein D ELISA Kit; ApolipoproteinD ELISA Kit
  • 缩写：
    APOD
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 样本类型：
    serum, plasma, tissue homogenates
  • 检测范围：
    6.25 ng/mL-400 ng/mL
  • 灵敏度：
    1.56 ng/mL
  • 反应时间：
    1-5h
  • 样本体积：
    50-100ul
  • 检测波长：
    450 nm
  • 研究领域：
    Signal Transduction
  • 测定原理：
    quantitative
  • 测定方法：
    Sandwich
  • 精密度：
    Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%
    Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.
    Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%
    Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.
  • 线性度：
    To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of human APOD in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
    SampleSerum(n=4)
    1:1000Average %104
    Range %100-108
    1:2000Average %98
    Range %94-102
    1:4000Average %84
    Range %80-88
    1:8000Average %85
    Range %81-90
  • 回收率：
    The recovery of human APOD spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
    Sample TypeAverage % RecoveryRange
    Serum (n=5) 9288-96
    EDTA plasma (n=4)9790-100
  • 标准曲线：
    These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
    ng/mlOD1OD2AverageCorrected
    4002.502 2.568 2.535 2.422
    2002.228 2.268 2.248 2.135
    1001.647 1.668 1.658 1.545
    501.035 1.060 1.048 0.935
    250.589 0.571 0.580 0.467
    12.50.344 0.322 0.333 0.220
    6.250.211 0.213 0.212 0.099
    00.111 0.115 0.113
  • 数据处理：
  • 货期：
    3-5 working days

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    APOD occurs in the macromolecular complex with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. It is probably involved in the transport and binding of bilin. Appears to be able to transport a variety of ligands in a number of different contexts.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. Study shows that in myelin maturation ApoD ultimately controls the removal of the sialic-rich hydrophilic glycocalyx, by maintaining functional integrity of lysosomes. A detailed analysis of the mechanism reveals that the proper localization of Neu1 and plasma membrane Neu3, as well as of the membrane-bound Fyn kinase, depend on ApoD. PMID: 29222871
    2. These results provide additional mechanistic information on the apoD-mediated neuroprotection in neurodegenerative conditions. PMID: 27271124
    3. This study demonstrated that Apo D is mainly located in glial cells while Apo J expression preferentially occurs in neurons in brain with patient with Alzheimer's Disease. PMID: 27197790
    4. ApoD expression is likely not a predictor of recurrence in tamoxifen-treated patients. IMPACT: This study eliminates the previously suggested marker ApoD as a predictor of recurrence among tamoxifen-treated women PMID: 28301514
    5. The high rate of APOD expression in HGPIN and cancer, as well as the absence of its expression in the vast majority of morphologically normal glands allows the use of this protein as an additional marker in the differential diagnosis of prostatic neoplasms. PMID: 27804940
    6. Our results provide a viable solution to the production of recombinant ApoD protein in lieu of previous obstacles in generating soluble and functional ApoD protein PMID: 26826316
    7. apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions. PMID: 26829325
    8. The data suggest that the presence of Apo D in the nucleus, which some s related with a specific transport, is a consequence of structural and functional alterations during oxidative stress PMID: 25953740
    9. hepatic steatosis observed in apoD Tg mice is a consequence of increased PPARgamma transcriptional activity by AA leading to increased fatty acid uptake by the liver PMID: 26083030
    10. The SNP rs7659 within the APOD gene might be related to risk and severity of ischemic stroke in patients. PMID: 25261976
    11. apoD mediates binding of high density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein and to growing T24 carcinomas, thereby highlighting the importance of apoD in lipid metabolism. PMID: 25513803
    12. The internalization of apoD is mediated by basigin. PMID: 25918162
    13. ApoE is located in the nucleus and on the ApoD promoter in human hepatic and glioblastoma cells lines. PMID: 23715769
    14. Rs7659, 3' UTR polymorphism of the APOD gene was associated with early onset Alzheimer disease in APOEepsilon4 (-) subgroup. Our results suggest that the variation of the APOD gene modifies the risk for Alzheimer disease. PMID: 23690001
    15. ApoD mRNA expression is seen in whole endometrium, stromal and epithelial cells in the secretory phase, as well as after hormonal stimulation in vitro. PMID: 23895740
    16. We propose that strong brainstem expression of Apo D throughout adult life contributes to resistance against neurodegenerative disease and age-related degeneration, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and ensuing lipid peroxidation. PMID: 24167586
    17. ApoD is marker of initial stages of colorectal cancer progression. PMID: 23296401
    18. Data suggest that ApoD binds various lyophilic ligands: retinoic acid, retinol, fatty acids, sphingomyelin, and anandamide. ApoD successfully delivers retinoic acid to immature neuronal cell line resulting in neurogenesis (i.e., neurite formation). PMID: 23777559
    19. Molecular dynamics analysis of apolipoprotein-D-lipid hydroperoxide interactions show the mechanism for selective oxidation of Met-93 PMID: 22479522
    20. Our findings show that Apo D expression is influenced by age, Braak stage, and sex. PMID: 21429623
    21. Endothelial cells downregulate apolipoprotein D expression in mural cells through paracrine secretion and Notch3 signaling. PMID: 21705670
    22. increased JNK1 activation in the apocrine cells from axillary osmidrosis contributes to the increased ApoD expression PMID: 21526344
    23. A strong relationship with gestational diabetes and APOD in the placenta that may reflect its suggested function in defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. PMID: 19944460
    24. The decrease in plasma ApoD concentration during pregnancy is an adaptive response aimed at maintaining fetal lipid homeostasis. PMID: 19723339
    25. Altered levels of apoD may help to understand the nature and possible mechanism of phospholipid membrane pathology in schizophrenia. PMID: 12363390
    26. Data suggest that the risk of Alzheimer disease among African-Americans may be modified by genetic variation in APOD. PMID: 12497622
    27. APOD is a senescence-associated gene in normal human oral keratinocytes. PMID: 12837283
    28. Apolipoprotein D levels are elevated in prefrontal cortex of subjects with Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that it may be related to the cognitive decline observed in AD patients. PMID: 12873803
    29. ApoD selectively modulates the proliferative response of vascular smooth muscle cells to growth factors by a mechanism related to nuclear translocation of ERK1/2. PMID: 14551159
    30. In a study comparing brains from Alzheimer's patients and controls, it was found that hippocampal apolipoprotein D level depends on Braak stage and APOE genotype. PMID: 14596852
    31. ApoD can be expressed or taken up by SMCs and can regulate their motility in response to growth factors. PMID: 15192024
    32. The -352G allele was associated with a significant 3-fold increase in the risk of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1-6.5). The -352G containing haplotypes were more common for early-onset Alzheimer's disease cases. PMID: 15316799
    33. Elevated apoD in AD brain may influence Abeta aggregation, or facilitate phagocytosis and transport of Abeta fibrils from plaques to cerebral vasculature. PMID: 15916898
    34. study of the presence of apo D in the substantia nigra of control and Parkinson disease (PD) subjects; dopaminergic neurons were not immunoreactive for apo D but surrounding glial cells showed immunostaining for apo D and signal increases in PD cases PMID: 16437381
    35. Apo D differentiates superficial acral fibromyxoma from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. PMID: 17885669
    36. ApoD positive tumors had both a significantly shorter relapse-free survival (all locations) and a decreased breast cancer-specific survival. PMID: 18330697
    37. These observations, together with its transcriptional up-regulation in the brain upon oxidative insult, identify ApoD as an acute response protein with a protective and therefore beneficial function mediated by the control of peroxidated lipids. PMID: 18419796
    38. ApoD and its orthologs play an evolutionarily conserved role in response to stress, possibly managing or preventing lipid peroxidation. PMID: 18458334
    39. Logistic analysis revealed that both APOD rs5952 C and rs1568566 T alleles increase the risk of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The rs5952T-rs1568566C haplotype showed lower risk. PMID: 18671953
    40. Role for apoD in regulation of inflammation. It may protect from HCoV-OC43-induced encephalitis, most likely through phospholipase A2 signaling pathways. PMID: 18842892
    41. study demonstrated that Apo D was highly expressed in the mRNA and protein levels in human failing hearts compared with non-failing hearts PMID: 18979643
    42. Variations in the levels and/or sites of apoD expression influence the lipid and glucose metabolism, consolidating apoD as a target for insulin-resistance-related disorders. PMID: 19176353
    43. Apolipoprotein D (APOD) and two further transcripts were significantly upregulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in scrotum fibroblasts PMID: 19330472
    44. apoD expression is increased throughout life in the human prefrontal cortex PMID: 19519777

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  • 亚细胞定位：
    Secreted.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Calycin superfamily, Lipocalin family
  • 组织特异性：
    Expressed in liver, intestine, pancreas, kidney, placenta, adrenal, spleen, fetal brain tissue and tears.
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 612

    OMIM: 107740

    KEGG: hsa:347

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000345179

    UniGene: Hs.522555