Human Apelin receptor(APLNR) ELISA kit

Receptor for apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (APELA) and apelin (APLN) hormones coupled to G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Plays a key role in early development such as gastrulation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis by acting as a receptor for APELA hormone. May promote angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i.e. the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis. Promotes sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel development. Plays also a role in various processes in adults such as regulation of blood vessel formation, blood pressure, heart contractility and heart failure.; (Microbial infection) Alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection; may be involved in the development of AIDS dementia.

1. these data... suggest that APLNR alteration neither by mutation nor expression loss is common in colorectal and prostate cancer PMID: 29573866
2. leptin, leptin receptor and apelin receptor genes are associated with susceptibility to coronary artery disease and hypertension PMID: 29883719
3. Studies indicate that the Elabela-APJ (apelin receptor) axis may protect against pressure overload-induced heart failure. PMID: 29036564
4. The high APJ expression has significantly higher rates of tumor invasion, local lymph node, and distant metastasis (all p < 0.001). PMID: 28514205
5. The mutation of polymorphism rs10501367 in APJ gene decreased risk of hypertension in Chinese males. PMID: 29800734
6. these observations suggest apelin-APJ signaling in hepatocytes functions to protect against lipid accumulation in liver through two signaling pathways, that is, via AMPK activation and PPARalpha induction. PMID: 28821440
7. 916 ischemic stroke patients were recruited for the study. For age at ischemic stroke onset, no significant association was identified with the variant rs9943582 of APLNR in any genetic model. In addition, the variant was not strongly associated with recurrence and death risk of ischemic stroke, as shown by the results. PMID: 28648959
8. the expression of APLNR (APJ/AGTRL1), the only known receptor for apelin, is predominantly restricted to the endothelial cells. PMID: 28904225
9. Studies suggest that apelin/APJ system may be applied to the treatment of cancers by regulating apoptosis, which may play a vital role in anticancer therapy [review]. PMID: 28407045
10. Crystal structure of human APJR shows structural basis for apelin recognition and binding PMID: 28528775
11. mutation of promoter polymorphism rs7119375 in APJ gene was significantly associated with elevated SBP and increased hypertension risk in Chinese women. PMID: 27863393
12. The APLNR A445C polymorphism was not associated with diabetic retinopathy in a sample of the Tunisian population, but the CC genotype carrier patients with DR had a high total cholesterol concentration. PMID: 28182349
13. APLN and APLNR are present in human ovarian cells and APLN increases IGF1-induced steroidogenesis in granulosa cells through an increase in HSD3B protein expression and activation of the MAPK3/1 and Akt pathways. Therefore, APLN and APLNR may play a role in human follicular development and the pathogenesis of PCOS. PMID: 27683264
14. These results demonstrate a new pharmacologic property of protamine-blockade of APJ-that could explain some adverse effects observed in protamine-treated patients, and that the established antiangiogenic activity of protamine would rely on APJ antagonism. PMID: 28242772
15. The apelin/APLNR axis regulates cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. PMID: 27894959
16. Data suggest that the differential expression of Apelin and Apelin receptor APJ yields a "self-generated" gradient mechanisms that accelerates the extension of the sprout. PMID: 27828952
17. The aim of this study was to evaluate if polymorphisms of APLN and APLNR genes may play a role as susceptibility markers for hypertension in a group of Mexican-Mestizo patients. PMID: 27450650
18. review of the important role of the Apelin/APJ system in pathological angiogenesis PMID: 28025030
19. The optimal gene-gene interaction model for both males and females with regard to hypertension was apelin rs3761581-apelin rs3115757-APJ rs7119375. In conclusion, gene polymorphisms of the apelin-APJ system are associated with susceptibility to hypertension. PMID: 27338090
20. Up-regulation of apelin and APJ expression plays an important role in cardioprotection from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. PMID: 27854125
21. These findings suggested that Apelin/APLNR signaling may be used as a potential therapeutic target for hypoxic/ischemic injury. PMID: 26676468
22. The expressions of apelin and APJ are significantly augmented by hypoxia through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway. PMID: 26436483
23. obese (especially diabese) youngsters demonstrated lower serum apelin levels; the G212A polymorphism of the APLNR gene was found to exert a favourable effect on circulating apelin levels in childhood obesity PMID: 25060841
24. Apelin-APJ system is a novel neurohormonal pathway, with studies to date suggesting that it may be of pathophysiologic relevance in Heart failure. PMID: 25795508
25. apelin is produced by arterial endothelial cells (ECs) during embryogenesis, induces chemotaxis of venous ECs, and promotes the production of secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 by apelin receptor(+) ECs PMID: 25920569
26. This minireview outlines key (patho)physiological actions of the AR, addresses what is known about signal transduction downstream of AR activation PMID: 25275559
27. built 3 homology 3-D models of the ApelinR and revealed the conservation at the bottom of the apelin binding site of a hydrophobic cavity in which the C-terminal Phe of pE13F was embedded PMID: 25359495
28. ERG and APLNR are essential for endothelial homeostasis in venules in the lung and that perturbation in ERG-APLNR signaling is crucial for the development of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. PMID: 25062690
29. AGTRL1 genetic polymorphisms might contribute to the development of hypertension independently and/or through complex interaction. PMID: 24465893
30. serine 348 on the apelin receptor is a novel regulatory phosphorylation site in apelin-13-induced G protein-independent biased signaling PMID: 25271156
31. APJ and B1R can form heterodimers in transfected HEK293 cells and activations of APJ and B1R could up-regulate eNOS phosphorylation PMID: 24686079
32. REVIEW: Growing evidence shows that apelin/APJ system functions as a critical mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis and is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. PMID: 24055369
33. Apelin-APJ is overexpressed, and works as a signal for arteriogenesis in HCC. PMID: 25275024
34. functional role of the apelin--APJ system likely in early gestation PMID: 23844873
35. Apelin may be associated with proliferative vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis. PMID: 22112232
36. Introduce a new correlative NMR spectroscopy and computational biochemistry methodology and demonstrate its utility in providing some of the first high-resolution structural information for a peptide-activated apelin receptor transmembrane domain. PMID: 23438363
37. Interactive effects of genetic defects in apelin/APJ pathway might confer a potential risk in Chinese hypertensive patients. PMID: 23226564
38. Apelin/APJ pathway serves as a critical intermediary that links statin to its pleiotropic effects in regulating endothelial gene targets and function. PMID: 22995518
39. APELIN promotes hematopoiesis from human embryonic stem cells. PMID: 22611158
40. the novel peptide apelin and its receptor APJ can induce the morphological and functional maturation of blood vessels in tumors PMID: 22037214
41. There was an increased frequency of the G212 allele of AJP receptor in patients with hypertension in respect to patients without hypertension. PMID: 22109355
42. hypoxia and inflammatory factors could play a major role in the activation of the hepatic apelin system leading to angiogenic and fibroproliferative response occurring in chronic liver disease. PMID: 21450694
43. Disruption of apelin-APJ signaling can exacerbate pulmonary hypertension mediated by decreased activation of AMP-activated kinase and eNOS. PMID: 21233449
44. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the APLNR gene were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure responses to low-sodium intervention. PMID: 20125035
45. found robust haplotype-based and haplotype-phenotype associations of four well characterized polymorphisms in apelin-AGTRL1 system with hypertension and related phenotypes PMID: 20485192
46. These findings bring new insights into apelin receptor activation and show that Phe(255) and Trp(259), by interacting with the C-terminal Phe of the pyroglutamyl form of apelin 13 (pE13F) or K17F, are crucial for apelin receptor internalization. PMID: 20675385
47. Our study indicates that genetic variation of APLN-APJ and ACE2 may influence BP response to potassium intake. PMID: 20224560
48. The apelin/APJ system may be involved in retinal neovascularization during the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PMID: 20220056
49. These observations revealed a novel ligand-dependent targeting of the apelin receptor to beta-arrestin-associated and -dissociated trafficking pathways and a role for different Rab proteins to direct these pathways. PMID: 20353754
50. Endothelial expression of apelin receptors is observed during the embryonic formation of blood vessels. The apelin system is both involved in physiological angiogenesis and pathological neoangiogenesis. Review. PMID: 19527631

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Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Expressed in heart, brain, kidney, stomach, spleen, thymus, lung, ovary, small intestine and colon, adipose tissues and pancreas. Expressed in glial cells, astrocytes and neuronal subpopulations. Expressed in embryonic (ESCs) and induced (iPSCs) pluripote

HGNC: 339

OMIM: 600052

KEGG: hsa:187

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000257254

UniGene: Hs.438311