Recombinant Mouse Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (Tnfrsf18)

1. These results suggest that therapeutically targeting GITR represents a unique approach to cancer immunotherapy and suggests that a multimeric fusion protein may provide increased agonistic potential versus an antibody PMID: 28069723
2. These findings support further study into combination partners for GITRL-FP that may augment CD8 T-cell priming as well as provide hypotheses that can be tested in human clinical trials exploring GITR agonists including GITRL-FP. PMID: 28649380
3. Expression of human GITR was comparable with that of mouse GITR in tumor-infiltrating Tregs despite being drastically lower in other human TILs and in many human peripheral blood populations. PMID: 28611044
4. anti-GITR mAb shifts Treg populations to enable immune attack on tumors, with clinical implications for molecular markers to modify emerging treatments. PMID: 28122327
5. Continuous GITR stimulation through B cell Gitrl acts protective in a mouse model of atherosclerosis by regulating the balance between regulatory and effector memory CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 27444204
6. these results indicate that blockade of GITR signaling can ameliorate arthritis progression mainly by modulating the follicular helper T cell response PMID: 27106763
7. GITR appears as a potential target for intervention during infection by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, even though further studies are still necessary to better characterize the immune response triggered by GITR activation during T. gondii infection PMID: 27027302
8. our data suggest a critical role for GITR in Treg cell homeostasis and indicate that Ptpn22 independently affects the differentiation status of Treg cells and their homeostatic behavior PMID: 26810223
9. These findings provide further support for the continued development of agonist anti-GITR antibodies as an immunotherapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. We suggest that our proposed immunotherapy could be developed further to improve osteosarcoma treatment PMID: 26239052
10. Th9 cells and iTregs are developmentally linked and GITR can subvert tolerogenic conditions to boost Th9 immunity. PMID: 26365427
11. GITR is a crucial player in differentiation of thymic regulatory T cells and expansion of regulatory T cells, including both thymic regulatory T cells and peripheral regulatory T cells. PMID: 25961057
12. enhanced GITR-triggering mediates its protective, anti-viral effect on the CD8 T cell compartment by boosting CD4 T cell help. PMID: 25738498
13. A CD4 T cell-intrinsic role for GITR in sustaining early CD8 and late humoral responses to collectively promote control of chronic LCMV clone 13 infection. PMID: 25590581
14. GITRL expressed on macrophages drives cytokine release and T cell activation, resulting in neuropathic pain via GITR-dependent actions. The GITRL-GITR pathway might represent a novel target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. PMID: 25787078
15. Data show that GITR agonist antibody alters Treg lineage stability inducing an inflammatory effector T cell phenotype. The resultant loss of lineage stability causes Treg to lose their intra-tumor immune suppressive function. PMID: 24416730
16. Inhibition of GITR decreases leukocyte cell adhesion. PMID: 23892569
17. The effects of GITR activation on Treg cells can have different outcomes depending on the experimental context ranging from expansion in normal mice to death in the Inflammatory bowel disease model. PMID: 23722868
18. GITR triggering on CD4(+)T cells increases poststroke inflammation and decreases the number of neural stem/progenitor cells induced by ischemia (iNSPCs). PMID: 22052192
19. these data suggest that GITR plays a role in the survival of CD8 memory phenotype T cells PMID: 22581858
20. results demonstrate that enhanced GITR/GITRL interactions have a pleiotropic role on the regulation of T-cell responses PMID: 22678896
21. Treatment with an inhibitor of JNK phosphorylation resulted in complete reversal of all GITR-induced changes in nTreg phenotype and function, with full restoration of suppression of in vivo lung allergic responses PMID: 22461627
22. Data indicate that GITR does not play a significant role in B cell development and antibody responses to T-dependent and independent model antigens within the context of a GITR-deficient genetic background. PMID: 22328941
23. GITR is not required on the surface of CD4-positive T-cells to induce colitis in mice. Knockout mice develop aggravated chronic enterocolitis via an imbalance of colitogenic Th1 cells and Treg cells. PMID: 22155173
24. Data show that GITR plays a role in the modulation of experimental multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In particular, results show that genetic inhibition of GITR expression reduces inflammation, organ tissue damage, and mortality. PMID: 21654556
25. A less acute pancreatitis was found in GITR(-/-) mice than in GITR(+/+) mice, with marked differences in edema, neutrophil infiltration, pancreatic dysfunction and injury. PMID: 21091650
26. GITR plays a role in regulating BMDC activity. PMID: 20883723
27. In contrast to regulatory CD4+ T cell depletion therapy, GITR stimulation directly on CD8 T cells in melanoma-bearing hosts drives protective and high avidity T cell responses to tumor-specific antigens, inducinrg potent antitumor immunity. PMID: 21106849
28. CD8 T cell-intrinsic GITR is required for T cell clonal expansion and mouse survival following severe influenza infection. PMID: 21076066
29. GITR and GITRL are functionally expressed on brain microglia and that the stimulation of GITRL can induce inflammatory activation of microglia. The GITR/GITRL system may play an important role in neuroinflammation. PMID: 20162721
30. higher levels of expression on regulatory cells than on conventional T cells PMID: 20480365
31. GITR engagement enhances regulatory T cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 20139172
32. Ligation of the costimulatory molecule GITR on Treg inhibits their ability to promote graft survival. PMID: 20148423
33. Data show that GITR stimulation during established infection markedly improved antiparasitic immunity. PMID: 20139272
34. the GITR/GITRLigand pathway has a key role in the development of murine autoimmune diabetes PMID: 19936238
35. systemic administration of LT upregulates the expression of GITR in naive T cells PMID: 20017194
36. data demonstrate that murine gammadelta-T-cell effector functions and expansion upon activation are very effectively inhibited by alphabeta Treg through a contact-dependent mechanism that can be partially abrogated by manipulating GITR signals. PMID: 19877017
37. a functional role for this receptor in regulating the CD4+CD25+ T cell subset. PMID: 11869690
38. Role of GITR in activation response of T lymphocytes. GITR is involved in the regulation of T-cell receptor/CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. PMID: 12070049
39. GITR interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein Siva and induces apoptosis. PMID: 12478477
40. CD4+GITR+ T cells, regardless of CD25 antigen expression, regulate mucosal immune responses and control intestinal inflammation. PMID: 12847237
41. Identification of GITRL as a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor in dendritic cells. PMID: 14521928
42. GITR may play a role in body's inflammatory processes PMID: 14646588
43. GITR has a costimulatory function in T cell subsets. PMID: 14991590
44. GITR costimulation showed a potent ability to produce high amounts of IL-10, which resulted in counter-regulation of enhanced CD4+ T cells proliferative responses. GITR acts as a potent and unique costimulator for an early CD4+ T cell activation. PMID: 15187106
45. GITR activation induces an opposite effect on alloreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in graft-versus-host disease PMID: 15249593
46. GITR plays an important role in the ischemia and reperfusion injury and put forward the hypothesis that modulation of GITR expression may represent a novel and possible strategy. PMID: 15316036
47. GITR engagement on CD25-, not CD25+ T cells abrogates T cell-mediated suppression. PMID: 15470044
48. sGITR enhances osteoclastogenesis by acting on OC precursor cells to lower the level of IFN-beta PMID: 15814301
49. GITR promotes the activation, survival, and cytokine production of T cells; furthermore, GITR can induce the activation of NF-kappa B and all three subfamilies of MAP kinases (ERKs, JNKs, and p38). PMID: 15944292
50. GITR protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo under negative transcriptional control of p21Cip1. PMID: 16155000

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KEGG: mmu:21936

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000099462

UniGene: Mm.3180