Recombinant Human Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1)

1. Circulating ZAG levels were significantly higher in patients with CS than in controls. ZAG levels positively correlated to 24-h urinary free cortisol, body mass index, non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, LDL-C, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and were inversely related to total adiponectin levels.(p=0.035). In multivariate analysis ZAG levels only correlated with body mass index (p=0.012), type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 28440767
2. Our study reveals that reduced AZGP1 expression correlates with in vitro cellular migration and invasion. In vivo, it is associated with higher metastatic risk and shorter survival in patients with soft tissue sarcomas PMID: 29357838
3. results indicate that changes in the circulating level of S100A1 protein occur in metabolic syndrome patients; the strong correlation between serum zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein and S100A1 might suggest that production or release of these two proteins could be related mechanistically PMID: 28825380
4. Study reports expression of Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) in neurons. The level of ZAG was lower in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and time-dependently decreased in PTZ-treated rats. In addition, ZAG was shown to interact with p-ERK and TGF-beta. ZAG was found to be synthesized in neurons, and both the AZGP1 mRNA and ZAG protein levels were decreased in epilepsy patients and rat models. PMID: 28576733
5. Our study provides prospective phase III validation that absent/low AZGP1 expression provides independent prognostic value in PC PMID: 28486686
6. This study demonstrated that differential expression of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) was detected in the serums of Alzheimer's Disease patients compared with healthy controls PMID: 27911324
7. ZAG has the potential to alleviate hepatosteatosis, making it a promising therapeutic target for fatty liver. PMID: 27264075
8. we found that AZGP1 inhibited cell migration and invasion through the regulation of the PTEN/Akt and CD44s pathways. Collectively, our findings revealed the molecular mechanism of AZGP1 expression in HCC, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor progression. PMID: 27993894
9. Absent or weak expression of AZGP1 protein was associated with worse recurrence free survival (RFS), disease specific survival, and overall survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. PMID: 27325561
10. Absent alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 zinc-binding(AZGP1) expression is an independent predictor of biochemical relapse in margin-positive localized prostate cancer and is associated with increased prostate cancer-specific mortality PMID: 27473574
11. Data show increased levels of lysozyme C (LYZ), lacritin (LACRT) and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) in pooled tear fluid sample from Graves' disease (GD) patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO) compared with GD patients without clinical signs of GO. PMID: 28419103
12. From various categories of proteins that have been detected in prostate tissue by proteomics, only secreted protein Zinc alpha 2-glycoprotein showed a clear signal in the urine, proving its discriminative potential for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer PMID: 27711093
13. results indicate ZAG as a possible predictive marker of Gleason grade. The inverse association between grade and tissue expression with a rising serum protein level is similar to that seen with prostate-specific antigen. In addition, the results for both ZAG and PSMB-6 highlight the challenges in trying to associate the protein levels in serum with tissue expression PMID: 20661134
14. reduced AZGP1 expression is strongly related to adverse prostate cancer prognosis, independently of established clinic-pathological variables and PTEN deletions. PMID: 26383228
15. Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake in human adipocytes by impairing insulin signaling at the level of AKT in a PP2A-dependent manner. PMID: 26068931
16. It was concluded that the lipid-binding groove in ZA2G contains at least two distinct fatty acid-binding sites. PMID: 26487699
17. AZGP1 is a negative regulator of fibrosis progression in kidney and heart PMID: 25788525
18. Plasma ZAG was elevated in smokers, and correlated with male gender, smoking amount and duration, nicotine dependence, and metabolic syndrome. PMID: 25708842
19. Increased serum ZAG concentrations induced, at least partly, by Sp1 may cause an increase in vascular tone through the activation of RhoA PMID: 25427682
20. comprehensive evaluation of AZGP1 variation at the mRNA and protein level in colon cancer; study demonstrated that AZGP1 is a potential serum marker of colon cancer that may be correlated with tumorigenesis PMID: 25561225
21. ZAG protein accumulates in plasma in ESRD and hemodialysis patients but this increase is not directly correlated to the decrease in GFR. PMID: 25076420
22. we demonstrated a significant increase in ZAG in critically ill patients temporally related to recovery from sepsis PMID: 25580089
23. results show that AZGP-1, hCAP-D3, and E-cadherin are potentially useful immunohistochemical markers to predict BCR, and that AZGP-1 can be used as an independent prognostic marker of aggressive prostate cancer. PMID: 24508823
24. ZAG plays an important role in modulating whole-body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. ZAG in subcutaneous, but not in visceral AT, was markedly reduced in obesity. PMID: 24753506
25. overexpression of AZGP1 suppressed the activation of the mTOR pathway and endogenous FASN-regulated fatty acid synthesis, mitigating the malignant phenotype of LoVo cells PMID: 24918753
26. thyroid hormone up-regulates the production of zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein in the liver but not in the adipose tissue. PMID: 24465683
27. Both intracellular and extracellular localization of ZAG2 is identified in the brains of Krabbe's disease patients but not in control brains. PMID: 24374959
28. AZGP1 and PIP were found in significantly lower levels in invasive breast tissue. PMID: 24114735
29. AZGP1 might serve as a candidate tumor suppressor and a potential prognostic biomarker in gastric carcinogenesis. PMID: 23935945
30. Zinc binding may be important for ZAG binding to fatty acids and the beta-adrenergic receptor. PMID: 24188824
31. Circulating AZGP1 is elevated in chronic hemodialysis patients and sharply increases during the early phase of acute kidney injury. PMID: 23849457
32. In cancer cachexia, ZAG release from white adipocytes is elevated and closely related to body weight loss. In cardiac cachexia, ZAG and circulating free fatty acids are closely related, suggesting a causative role in fat catabolism. [Review] PMID: 23448999
33. Overproduction of ZAG in white adipose tissue in chronic kidney disease could be a major contributor to metabolic disturbances associated with CKD. PMID: 23423258
34. High urine zinc alpha2-glycoprotein expression is associated with prostate cancer. PMID: 23634719
35. Our data showed that the elevated AZGP1 and decreased PEDF and PRDX2 expressions in CRC serum and tissues were correlated with liver metastases. higher AZGP1 was also associated with a poorer disease-free survival. PMID: 23393224
36. cbZAG is lower in cord blood compared with maternal serum and correlates with gestational age at delivery, suggesting a role during the accelerated fetal growth during latter pregnancy PMID: 23272038
37. prostate ZAG staining correlated with a favorable outcome after prostatectomy for high-grade prostate cancer. PMID: 22935975
38. HCC patients with high AZGP1 expression survived longer, with better overall survival and disease-free survival. In addition, low AZGP1 expression associated with worse relapse-free survival (P = 0.046) and distant metastatic progression-free survival PMID: 22625427
39. High serum Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein is associated with preeclampsia. PMID: 21791968
40. Reduced expression of AZGP1 led to a significant increase in the expression of lipogenic genes, thereby resulting in higher lipid levels. PMID: 22739111
41. Urinary PGDS, not ZA2G, may serve as a biomarker for active LN and upon validation in larger studies, may become the non-invasive test to evaluate the disease activity in future management of LN. PMID: 22498882
42. ZAG could be involved in modulating lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and is associated with insulin resistance. PMID: 22442679
43. These results indicate that ZAG, which is present on the human sperm membrane, plays a critical role in the acrosome reaction and subsequently, may be involved in sperm fertility. PMID: 21790656
44. The genotypes of rs4215 in ZAG gene are significantly associated with obesity in Chinese north Han population. GG genotype subjects in rs4215 site have an increased susceptibility to obesity when compared with the AA+AG genotype subjects. PMID: 22425975
45. AZGP1 is a potential molecular marker for biochemical relapse in men with margin-positive, localized PC. PMID: 21432866
46. AZGP1 identified as a biomarker candidate for chronic pancreatitis. PMID: 21443201
47. The adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein activates AMP kinase in human primary skeletal muscle cells. PMID: 21457004
48. ZAG may contribute to adipose atrophy associated with cancer cachexia in human beings. PMID: 21245862
49. Macrophage-associated inflammation may play a significant role in the downregulation of ZAG in adipose tissue in obesity. PMID: 20595026
50. PCR array analysis revealed that AZGP1-induced epithelial transdifferentiation was accompanied by a series of concerted cellular events including a shift in the energy metabolism and prosurvival signals PMID: 20581862

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HGNC: 910

OMIM: 194460

KEGG: hsa:563

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000292401

UniGene: Hs.546239